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What is the name of the first step in the process of pharmacokinetics?
What is the name of the first step in the process of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
What is the abbreviation for the four main processes of pharmacokinetics?
What is the abbreviation for the four main processes of pharmacokinetics?
ADME
The higher the molecular weight (MW) of a drug, the greater its absorption.
The higher the molecular weight (MW) of a drug, the greater its absorption.
False
A non-ionized drug is typically more water-soluble than a lipid-soluble drug.
A non-ionized drug is typically more water-soluble than a lipid-soluble drug.
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Which of the following is NOT a drug property that affects its absorption?
Which of the following is NOT a drug property that affects its absorption?
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What is the name of the pH-dependent constant that represents the degree of ionization of a drug?
What is the name of the pH-dependent constant that represents the degree of ionization of a drug?
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Aspirin is a weak acid with a pKa of 3.5. This means that in the acidic environment of the stomach, it will be primarily non-ionized.
Aspirin is a weak acid with a pKa of 3.5. This means that in the acidic environment of the stomach, it will be primarily non-ionized.
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What is a potential consequence of aspirin's high absorption in the gastric mucosa?
What is a potential consequence of aspirin's high absorption in the gastric mucosa?
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Which of the following strategies is NOT typically used to prolong the action of a drug?
Which of the following strategies is NOT typically used to prolong the action of a drug?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using long-acting drug formulations?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using long-acting drug formulations?
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What is the term used to describe the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream?
What is the term used to describe the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream?
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What is the name of the process by which the body breaks down drugs into inactive metabolites?
What is the name of the process by which the body breaks down drugs into inactive metabolites?
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What is the primary organ responsible for drug excretion?
What is the primary organ responsible for drug excretion?
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What is the name of the study that examines the effects of drugs on the body?
What is the name of the study that examines the effects of drugs on the body?
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Match the following steps in pharmacokinetics with their descriptions:
Match the following steps in pharmacokinetics with their descriptions:
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What does the term 'vehicle' refer to in the context of drug formulation?
What does the term 'vehicle' refer to in the context of drug formulation?
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Aqueous creams are generally more absorbable than oily ointments.
Aqueous creams are generally more absorbable than oily ointments.
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Sustained-release formulations are designed to provide a rapid, short-acting effect.
Sustained-release formulations are designed to provide a rapid, short-acting effect.
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Long-acting drug formulations can help improve patient compliance by reducing the frequency of administration.
Long-acting drug formulations can help improve patient compliance by reducing the frequency of administration.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Pharmacology - Pharmacokinetic 1
- Topics covered include pharmacology introduction, pharmacokinetics, drug absorption, factors affecting drug absorption, drug properties and drug formulation.
- Pharmacokinetics is a quantitative study of drug movement within the body.
- It encompasses absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).
- Pharmacodynamics deals with how a drug affects the body, while pharmacokinetics deals with how the body affects the drug.
- Drugs move from the site of administration to the blood, then to the target site through different mechanisms.
- The body may also process the drug, leading to secondary metabolites that can be beneficial or harmful.
Drug Properties Affecting Absorption
- Molecular weight (MW): Lower molecular weight (MW) leads to increased absorption, higher MW leads to decreased absorption.
- Example: procaine penicillin has a low MW so it's absorbed better.
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
- Drug factors: Drug properties (e.g., MW, solubility) and drug formulation (e.g., vehicle, formulation type).
- Patient factors: These factors are not explicitly listed but could include, for example, physiological conditions, age, gender, etc
Drug Solubility
- Non-ionized drugs are lipid-soluble and readily diffuse.
- Ionized drugs are water-soluble and do not diffuse easily.
- Ionization depends on the pH of the solution and the pKa of the drug.
pKa
- pKa is the pH of the medium at which 50% of the drug is ionized and 50% is non-ionized.
- Acidic drugs are better absorbed in the stomach (low pH), while basic drugs are better absorbed in the intestines (high pH).
Clinical Significance of pKa
- Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT): Aspirin (weak acid, pKa 3.5) is non-ionized in the stomach, enabling it to cross cell membranes, get trapped in gastric mucosa cells, and potentially cause peptic ulceration.
- Kidney: Drug ionization affects renal excretion. Altering urine pH (alkalinization or acidification) can change the ionization state of a drug, impacting its excretion.
Drug Formulation
- Drugs are often combined with a vehicle.
- Aqueous vehicles (like creams) are more easily absorbed than oily vehicles (like ointments).
- Formulation types include tablets, capsules, and others. Preparation affects the drug's dissolution and absorption.
Slow Release/Sustained Release
- Slow-release (sustained release/spansules) preparations minimize frequent administrations, lower peak drug concentrations, thus potentially reducing adverse effects and improving patient compliance.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of pharmacokinetics in this quiz, covering drug absorption, properties, and the factors influencing how drugs move through the body. Understand the relationship between drug formulation and biological processes such as absorption and metabolism. Test your knowledge on how pharmacokinetics impacts drug efficacy.
