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Questions and Answers
What is the process of the body chemically changing a drug into a form that can be excreted?
What is the process of the body chemically changing a drug into a form that can be excreted?
What type of compound is metabolized in the body to produce a drug, and is used to improve drug delivery, decrease toxicity, or target specific cells or tissues?
What type of compound is metabolized in the body to produce a drug, and is used to improve drug delivery, decrease toxicity, or target specific cells or tissues?
What is the period of time required for the concentration or amount of a drug in the body to be reduced by one-half?
What is the period of time required for the concentration or amount of a drug in the body to be reduced by one-half?
What is defined as the amount of drug administered being equal to the amount of drug eliminated?
What is defined as the amount of drug administered being equal to the amount of drug eliminated?
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Which term refers to the time it takes for a drug to reach minimum effective concentration?
Which term refers to the time it takes for a drug to reach minimum effective concentration?
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What is the highest concentration of a drug in the blood called?
What is the highest concentration of a drug in the blood called?
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Which term refers to the length of time taken for a drug to exert a therapeutic effect?
Which term refers to the length of time taken for a drug to exert a therapeutic effect?
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What do you call the highest concentration of a drug in the blood during therapeutic monitoring?
What do you call the highest concentration of a drug in the blood during therapeutic monitoring?
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Which drugs bind to receptors, activate them, and produce a desired response?
Which drugs bind to receptors, activate them, and produce a desired response?
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'Nonspecific drugs' affect multiple ____________ sites.
'Nonspecific drugs' affect multiple ____________ sites.
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Epinephrine affects three different receptors: alpha1, beta1, and beta2. These are examples of ________ receptors.
Epinephrine affects three different receptors: alpha1, beta1, and beta2. These are examples of ________ receptors.
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Which type of drug interaction is characterized by one drug reducing or blocking the effect of another drug?
Which type of drug interaction is characterized by one drug reducing or blocking the effect of another drug?
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What is the process that involves drug movement from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to the liver?
What is the process that involves drug movement from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to the liver?
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Which factor can influence drug distribution in the body?
Which factor can influence drug distribution in the body?
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What is the process of drug crossing the blood-brain barrier known as?
What is the process of drug crossing the blood-brain barrier known as?
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Which term refers to the ability of a drug to bind to tissue and plasma proteins?
Which term refers to the ability of a drug to bind to tissue and plasma proteins?
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What factors can affect drug absorption?
What factors can affect drug absorption?
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Which process involves the initial metabolism of a drug as it travels from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver?
Which process involves the initial metabolism of a drug as it travels from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver?
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What method of absorption involves the movement of substances across cell membranes without the use of energy?
What method of absorption involves the movement of substances across cell membranes without the use of energy?
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What can influence drug distribution in the body?
What can influence drug distribution in the body?
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Which factor can affect drug absorption?
Which factor can affect drug absorption?
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What influences drug movement across the blood-brain barrier?
What influences drug movement across the blood-brain barrier?
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What is the term for a drug's ability to bind to tissue and plasma proteins?
What is the term for a drug's ability to bind to tissue and plasma proteins?
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How can factors like fasting and food texture affect drug absorption?
How can factors like fasting and food texture affect drug absorption?
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Study Notes
Drug Metabolism and Excretion
- The body chemically transforms drugs into forms suitable for excretion, a process known as metabolism.
- Metabolites are compounds created from drugs to enhance delivery, reduce toxicity, or target specific cells/tissues.
Pharmacokinetics Concepts
- Half-life is the duration required for the drug concentration to decrease by 50%.
- Steady state occurs when the amount of drug administered equals the amount eliminated.
- Time to reach minimum effective concentration reflects dosage timing for therapeutic effectiveness.
- Peak concentration denotes the highest level of a drug in the bloodstream.
Drug Action and Interaction
- Therapeutic effect duration indicates how long a drug takes to show its intended benefits.
- Trough concentration refers to the lowest level of the drug during monitoring.
- Agonists bind to receptors and activate them to elicit a desired response.
Specificity in Pharmacology
- Nonspecific drugs interact with multiple receptor sites, impacting various systems.
- Epinephrine interacts with alpha1, beta1, and beta2 receptors, illustrating example receptor types.
Drug Interaction Types
- Antagonistic interactions occur when one drug diminishes the effect of another.
Absorption and Distribution
- The process of drug movement from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver is called first-pass metabolism.
- Drug distribution can be influenced by factors including blood flow, binding to plasma proteins, and tissue storage.
- Crossing the blood-brain barrier involves specific mechanisms for drug permeability.
Drug Protein Binding
- Protein binding describes a drug's ability to attach to tissue and plasma proteins, affecting its distribution and efficacy.
- Factors influencing drug absorption include form of the drug, gastrointestinal pH, presence of food, and gut motility.
- Passive diffusion is a method of absorption that occurs without energy to transport substances across membranes.
Influences on Drug Dynamics
- Drug distribution is affected by solubility, blood flow, and affinity for tissue proteins.
- Fasting and food texture can impact the rate and extent of drug absorption due to variations in gastric emptying and enzyme activity.
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Description
Test your knowledge of drug absorption and factors affecting it with this pharmacokinetics quiz. Explore concepts such as disintegration, dissolution, passive transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and factors influencing absorption.
