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What is microelectronics?
Microelectronics is a subfield of electronics related to the study and manufacture of very small electronic components/devices made from semiconductors.
What is the dominant device used in microelectronics?
Which of the following is a basic IC fabrication process?
What is the function of the SiO2 film in IC fabrication?
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What are the two steps involved in diffusion during IC fabrication?
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Photolithography involves the use of infrared light.
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The process of introducing impurities into silicon during IC fabrication is called ______.
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What protective gear do workers wear in cleanrooms?
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Study Notes
Microelectronics
- The study and application of electronic circuits and devices at a very small scale.
- Typically involves components with dimensions less than 100 micrometers.
- The field revolutionized electronics and made devices like computers and smartphones possible.
Dominant Device in Microelectronics
- The transistor, a semiconductor device that acts as an amplifier or switch.
- The transistor is widely used in microelectronics due to its ability to control the flow of electric current.
Basic IC Fabrication Process
- Diffusion: The process of introducing impurities into silicon to change its electrical conductivity.
- Oxidation: The process of forming a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer on the silicon surface.
- Photolithography: The use of light to transfer a pattern onto a silicon wafer coated with a light-sensitive material called photoresist.
SiO2 Film Function
- Silicon dioxide (SiO2) acts as an insulating layer on the silicon surface.
- It provides electrical isolation between different layers of the integrated circuit (IC).
- It also serves as a mask during photolithography, protecting specific areas of the wafer from etching.
Diffusion Steps
- Predeposition: The initial step where impurities are introduced into the silicon surface.
- Drive-in: The process that drives the impurities deeper into the silicon substrate.
Photolithography
- The process involves ultraviolet (UV) light, not infrared.
- UV light exposes the photoresist, allowing specific areas to be etched or patterned.
Impurity Introduction
- The process of introducing impurities into silicon during IC fabrication is called doping.
- Doping alters the electrical conductivity of silicon, creating the p-type and n-type regions required for transistor function.
Cleanroom Workers' Protective Gear
- Workers wear specialized protective gear in cleanrooms to prevent contamination.
- Typical gear includes:
- Full-body suits to prevent particles from shedding.
- Masks to cover the mouth and nose.
- Gloves to prevent hand contamination.
- Head coverings to minimize the shedding of hair and skin particles.
- Shoe covers to reduce the introduction of debris from the environment.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of microelectronics, including the study and manufacture of small electronic components and integrated circuits (ICs). You will learn about the dominant role of transistors and essential IC fabrication processes such as oxidation and photolithography. Test your knowledge of microelectronics technology and its application in modern electronics.
