facility design
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of alarms in a control instrument for a reactor?

  • To alert operators to potential hazardous deviations (correct)
  • To provide comfort to operators
  • To automatically adjust the reactor pressure
  • To monitor the reactor temperature

    • How do temperature sensors contribute to reactor temperature control?

  • They increase the pressure in the reactor
  • They regulate the flow of heating or cooling liquid based on temperature (correct)
  • They decrease the flow of heating liquid
  • They activate the fuel supply to the reactor

    • In a P&ID, what is the purpose of pipe-work symbols?

  • To define the pressure levels within the system
  • To show the layout of control panels
  • To represent the type and size of piping used (correct)
  • To indicate electrical connections between instruments

    • What is a key component of a P&ID that indicates the engineering information about the drawing?

    <p>Title Block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if a high temperature is detected in a reactor?

    <p>A valve may activate to circulate coolant liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a trip system in a control instrument do during hazardous situations?

    <p>Automatically takes corrective action to avert hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically included in the revision control of a P&ID?

    <p>A log of all previous drawings and changes made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symbol in a P&ID is likely used to represent a temperature control valve?

    <p>A specific valve symbol accompanied by control lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of manual valves in a plant?

    <p>To stop flow or change the direction of flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do automatic valves operate in industrial processes?

    <p>They respond to process conditions and sensor gauges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do heat exchangers play in a plant?

    <p>To heat or cool materials during processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is NOT typically found in the Title Block of a P&ID?

    <p>The expected yield of the final product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the function of the revision number in a P&ID?

    <p>It is updated each time changes are made to the drawing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which P&ID symbol would likely represent a valve used to control flow direction?

    <p>A specific valve symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of a P&ID is crucial for ensuring equipment is easily identifiable?

    <p>The tag number of the equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the operation of an automatic valve?

    <p>It is programmed to respond to specific conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about reactors in a P&ID?

    <p>The reactor may include both heating and cooling capabilities via an external jacket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of equipment can be affected by the operation of manual valves?

    <p>Reactors and storage tanks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about automatic valves is correct?

    <p>They can be programmed for specific temperature and pressure conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the status 'As Built' signify in a P&ID?

    <p>The P&amp;ID accurately represents the finally constructed plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of pumps used in processing plants?

    <p>Different types have specific P&amp;ID symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a Title Block in a P&ID?

    <p>An outline of the production process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary reason for using symbols in P&IDs?

    <p>To standardize the representation of complex equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a technician play in relation to P&IDs?

    <p>They must understand the individual steps and the correct equipment for making a product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Manufacturing and Processing Technology in Food

    • Food engineering design and economics are general considerations in plant design.

    General Considerations in a Plant Design

    • Plant location
    • Plant layout
    • Plant operation and control
    • Utilities
    • Structural design
    • Storage
    • Waste disposal

    Operations in Manufacturing Plants

    • Process flow diagrams (PFDs) are used for the initial design of plants, showing inputs, outputs, and process steps
    • Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) are used to show the physical location of equipment, process order, and equipment type. P&IDs utilize symbols for each equipment type, making diagrams easy to understand.

    Process Flow/Block Flow Diagrams

    • A process flow or block flow diagram is the original diagram used for the initial design of a plant
    • It is a simple diagram showing inputs, outputs and "black boxes" as process steps and is used in the conceptual design phase

    Introduction to P&ID

    • The P&ID uses symbols to explain the process
    • The diagram does not show the physical location of equipment; it simply shows the process order and equipment type
    • Different equipment types in a process are identified by unique symbols
    • P&IDs are detailed drawings of plant equipment and their interconnectedness

    Introduction - P&ID

    • A major responsibility for technicians is to make products correctly by monitoring and controlling processing steps needed in making a product
    • Technicians should accurately know the individual steps and the correct equipment used in each step
    • P&ID is frequently used to show and explain manufacturing process steps and equipment

    Title Block

    • The Title Block is a very important aspect of a P&ID
    • It provides information such as company name, designers, client name, drawing title, specific drawing reference number, and the project reference number
    • It details the revision number of the drawing, the date, signature of the draughtsman, and signature of the engineer.

    Title Block

    • The drawing status is entered at the same time as the revision number
    • "As Built" means the P&ID reflects the final built plant
    • The above ensures the P&ID is used for the right purpose and all changes are authorised

    Symbols

    • The P&ID uses symbols for different equipment types
    • Equipment on the P&ID is assigned unique tag numbers to quickly identify equipment within the plant's area

    Reactors

    • Reactors are represented as Pressure Vessels on a P&ID
    • Reactors may have surrounding external jackets (for heating and cooling) and stirring mechanisms

    Reactor P&ID Symbols

    • Visual representations of reactors with various components like stirring, heating/cooling, etc. are commonly shown on P&IDs

    Measuring Gauges

    • All processes need careful monitoring of parameters like Temperature, Pressure, and Flow Rates.
    • Gauges are located at critical process points and are represented on the P&ID diagram by a circle connected to the pipework or equipment
    • Different gauge types and their representations on P&IDs vary

    Types of Measuring Gauges

    • Gauges have a lettering system to denote their measurement (e.g., T for temperature, F for flow rate).
    • Some gauges are indicating only (require manual checking), identified by the letter "I"
    • Others record and transmit results (identified with the letter "T")

    Measuring Gauge Symbols

    • PFD Symbols of measuring gauges are shown to illustrate their usage

    Control Gauges

    • Gauges help control a process by determining when valves should be opened or closed, or to start/stop pumps
    • Control gauges are categorized as "control gauges" because they control various tasks in the process
    • Control valves are connected by dotted/hatched lines to the equipment they control

    ###Temperature Control Gauge

    • Temperature control gauges are frequently used on P&IDs
    • PFD symbols of temperature control gauges are shown to illustrate their usage

    Pipe-Work

    • Pipe-work on a P&ID is used to transport materials between equipment locations
    • Pipe-work is shown as lines with different types of pipe-work use different symbols
    • Pipe direction is indicated by arrows on lines, and flagged arrows at page edges

    Pipe Work

    • Pipes needing to connect to or join another pipe are usually shown with a flanged joint
    • Pipework that isn't currently in use can be blocked off at the end to stop liquids from flowing or leaking
    • Pipes can cross over each other without physical connection

    Pipe Crossover

    • Illustration of a pipe crossover

    Valves

    • Valves are critical in controlling processes
    • Incorrect valve operation can cause damage, safety problems, and product quality issues
    • There are manual and automatic valves in plants
    • Manual valves require operator intervention for opening/closing
    • Automatic valves operate without manual intervention

    Manual Valve

    • Illustration of a manual valve

    Valves

    • Manual valves are used throughout the plant to control flow direction and stop flow.
    • Automatic valves are controlled by process conditions (e.g. temperature or pressure)

    Automatic Valve

    • Illustration of an automatic valve

    Pumps & Heat Exchangers

    • Pumps transfer materials through different vessels and equipment using pipework
    • Different types of pumps have specific symbols;
    • Heat exchangers are used for heating or cooling materials during a process.

    Heating a Reactor

    • Illustration of a reactor with a heat exchanger

    Process Control

    • Alarms alert operators of serious and potentially hazardous process deviations, including visual and audible warnings on control panels
    • Some control instruments have a trip system that automatically acts to avert hazards

    Temperature Control

    • Temperature in reactors are normally controlled by adjusting heating/cooling fluid flow.
    • Temperature sensors regulate heating/cooling fluid flow to maintain the desired temperature.

    Summary

    • Layout of a P&ID
    • Process equipment symbols
    • Measuring and control gauge symbols
    • Pipe-work and valve symbols
    • How to read and interpret basic Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams

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    Related Documents

    Introduction to Manufacturing and Processing Technology in Food - PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts in manufacturing and processing technology with a focus on food engineering. Key topics include plant design, process flow diagrams, and Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs). Test your knowledge of the operations and considerations involved in food manufacturing plants.

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