Introduction to Human Resource Management
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Questions and Answers

What is a limitation associated with selection interviews?

  • They exclusively focus on hard skills.
  • They are highly structured.
  • They require a long preparation time.
  • They can be biased due to personal perceptions. (correct)
  • Which selection decision approach assesses candidates through sequential stages where each must be passed to proceed?

  • Mixed Structure
  • Multiple Cut-Off
  • Compensatory Model
  • Multiple Hurdles (correct)
  • What primary concern arises during reference checks that employers must address?

  • Potential for defamation claims against the reference provider. (correct)
  • Legal implications of not conducting background checks.
  • Risk of hiring unqualified candidates.
  • Confidentiality of the applicant's personal background.
  • Which bias during selection interviews implies that the interviewer tends to favor candidates similar to themselves?

    <p>Similar-to-Me Bias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a structured selection interview?

    <p>It follows a predetermined set of questions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an aptitude test from an achievement test?

    <p>Aptitude tests measure potential to learn a skill, while achievement tests assess existing knowledge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following personality traits is associated with being organized and responsible?

    <p>Conscientiousness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of selection tests, what is the main feature of cognitive ability tests?

    <p>They primarily test aptitude and potential for learning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits would categorize someone as anxious and insecure?

    <p>Neuroticism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a 'Position' in job analysis?

    <p>The specific instance of a job held by one individual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the term 'Direct Discrimination'?

    <p>Intentional unequal treatment of an individual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of the Meiorin Test used for BFOR assessments?

    <p>Rational connection, good faith, reasonable necessity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms addresses equality rights?

    <p>Section 15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a ground for discrimination under the Ontario Human Rights Code?

    <p>Political affiliation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of greater social media use in the workplace?

    <p>Lower employee productivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of discrimination occurs unintentionally due to policies or practices?

    <p>Indirect discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In job analysis, why is understanding the job important?

    <p>It aids in developing comprehensive job descriptions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major functions of Human Resource Management (HRM)?

    <p>Training and development of employees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect distinguishes corporate culture from corporate climate?

    <p>Culture refers to the shared beliefs, while climate pertains to the atmosphere within the organization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does evidence-based human resource management primarily rely on?

    <p>Statistical data and research findings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a true experiment, what is the primary focus regarding the independent and dependent variables?

    <p>Determining if the independent variable influences the dependent variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does quasi-experimental design differ from true experimental design?

    <p>Quasi-experiments do not manipulate the independent variable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does survey research primarily assess in relation to two variables?

    <p>The relationship between the two variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of effective Human Resource Management?

    <p>Reduced operational costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often a misconception regarding the effects of social media access on productivity?

    <p>Social media use has no significant relationship with productivity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator of job satisfaction relating to relationships at work?

    <p>Satisfaction with supervisor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy involves expanding the variety of tasks performed by an employee?

    <p>Job Enlargement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically associated with job satisfaction?

    <p>Work-life balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines team participation in a workplace?

    <p>Actively working towards team goals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the Critical Incident Technique?

    <p>A technique for gathering qualitative data on behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of internal recruitment?

    <p>It enhances employee morale and loyalty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which recruitment source is characterized by applicants actively seeking job opportunities?

    <p>Active external recruitment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does job enrichment refer to in job design?

    <p>Redesigning jobs to increase employee autonomy and engagement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reliability in selection testing primarily refer to?

    <p>The consistency of test results across different occasions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes construct validity?

    <p>It determines if scores from tests evaluating similar constructs are correlated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of validity assesses the relationship between test scores and current performance?

    <p>Concurrent validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of test-retest reliability?

    <p>A test administered twice to the same individual produces different scores. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discriminant validity demonstrates which of the following?

    <p>Scores from unrelated constructs remain uncorrelated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT a part of validity in selection testing?

    <p>Reliability validity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does predictive validity focus on?

    <p>The future performance related to a test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of reasoning used to evaluate construct validity?

    <p>Assessing correlations between tests that measure similar attributes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between content validity and job performance?

    <p>Content validity involves the relevance of test items to job tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of inter-rater reliability?

    <p>Raters provide consistent scores for the same individual. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Teamwork

    Actively participates as a member of a team to achieve goals.

    Competency Categories

    Levels of skills: Core, Cross-functional, Functional.

    Job Satisfaction

    Refers to how an employee feels about their job and work conditions.

    Indicators of Job Satisfaction

    Aspects that determine how satisfied employees are with their job.

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    Factors Affecting Satisfaction with Work

    Key elements influencing job satisfaction like meaningfulness.

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    Job Design

    Creation of job roles that enhance employee satisfaction and productivity.

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    Job Rotation

    Strategy where employees move between different jobs to gain experience.

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    Managing Expectations in Recruitment

    Promote employer brand and provide a realistic view of the job.

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    Correlation and Causation

    The relationship where one variable changes in response to another, but can also involve coincidental associations.

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    Spurious Relationship

    A statistical association between two variables that appears to be related but is actually due to a third variable.

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    Section 15 (Equality)

    A part of the Canadian Charter that guarantees equal protection and benefit of the law without discrimination.

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    Human Rights Legislation

    Laws that protect individuals from discrimination based on various grounds.

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    Bona Fide Occupational Requirements (BFOR)

    Job qualifications that are essential for a position and necessary for proper job performance.

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    The Meiorin Test

    A legal test to determine if a job requirement is justifiable based on rational connection, good faith, and reasonable necessity.

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    Job Analysis

    The process of studying jobs to determine their duties, responsibilities, and necessary qualifications.

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    Importance of Job Analysis

    Job analysis is crucial for training, performance management, and recruitment strategies.

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    Human Resource Management (HRM)

    The strategic approach to managing a company's workforce.

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    Corporate Culture

    The shared values, beliefs, and behaviors within an organization.

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    Evidence-Based HRM

    Using research and data to inform HR practices and decisions.

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    True Experiments

    Research design that manipulates an independent variable to observe effects on a dependent variable.

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    Quasi-Experiments

    Research design that observes effects without full randomization or control.

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    Survey Research

    A method to assess relationships between variables without manipulating them.

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    Independent Variable (IV)

    The variable manipulated to observe its effect.

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    Dependent Variable (DV)

    The variable measured to see the effect of the IV.

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    Preliminary Screening

    The initial phase in the hiring process where candidates are filtered.

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    Screening Methods

    Techniques used to evaluate job applications, like forms and resumes.

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    Reliability in Selection Testing

    The consistency of test results over time or across different raters.

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    Test-Retest Reliability

    Occurs when the same test yields similar results over different occasions.

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    Inter-Rater Reliability

    The level of agreement among different raters on the same assessment.

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    Construct Validity

    Whether a test measures the concept it claims to measure.

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    Criterion-Related Validity

    How well one measure predicts another measure of interest.

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    Convergent Validity

    The degree to which tests measuring the same concept are correlated.

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    Discriminant Validity

    The ability of a test to distinguish between different concepts.

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    Content Validity

    The extent to which a test represents the entire domain it aims to cover.

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    Aptitude Test

    Assesses how well an individual can learn a skill or potential.

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    Achievement Test

    Evaluates an individual's existing knowledge and skills.

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    Cognitive Ability Test

    Measures an individual's mental capabilities such as reasoning, problem-solving.

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    Personality Test

    Assesses individual personality traits and characteristics.

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    O.C.E.A.N Model

    Framework representing five major personality traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

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    Halo/Horns Effect

    Cognitive bias where one trait influences overall judgment.

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    Similar-to-Me Bias

    Preferring candidates who are similar to oneself.

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    Selection Interview

    A method of assessing candidates through direct interaction.

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    Negligent Hiring

    Employer liability for failing to properly vet an employee.

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    Reference Check

    A process of verifying a candidate's previous experience and performance.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to Human Resource Management

    • Human resources encompass the knowledge, education, training, skills, and expertise within an organization's workforce.
    • Human Resource Management (HRM) entails the management of people within organizations.
    • HRM comprises two main functions:
      • Operational function: Managing day-to-day operations.
      • Strategic function: Aligning employee efforts with organizational goals.
    • Key HRM systems include job analysis, workforce planning, recruitment, selection, training and development, performance management, compensation, and employee/labor relations.

    Strategic Goal: Employee Retention

    • HR teams can improve employee retention through targeted recruitment and selection, better training, and clearer performance feedback.
    • Clear selection procedures, targeted training, and performance feedback can aid in employee retention.
    • Competitive compensation and benefits packages can also encourage retention.

    HRM and Corporate Culture

    • HRM and corporate culture (organizational culture) describe the identity of the organization.
    • Core values and beliefs are shared by members of the organization.
    • Clear standards of behavior (norms) are part of HR systems.

    HRM and Corporate Climate

    • HRM and corporate climate (organizational climate) are the prevailing atmosphere within an organization.
    • It is employees' perceptions of the organization's working environment, impacting aspects such as mood, motivation, and job performance.

    Benefits of HRM

    • Effective HRM systems reduce costs, leading to greater employee retention and more significant organizational goals.
    • Effective HRM can also boost employee job satisfaction and increase organizational performance and profits.

    Evidence-Based HRM

    • Evaluating HRM practices against research to ensure desirable outcomes.

    Research Methods

    • Research methods use various approaches; these can include true experiments (controlling settings, assigning participants to groups), quasi-experiments (observing in natural settings), or surveys (measuring variables in controlled or natural settings).
    • Correlation measures relationships between two or more variables; however, correlation doesn't equal causation.
    • The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms to all Canadians.
    • The charter applies to government actions and all legislation must meet charter standards.

    Job Analysis and Design

    • Job analysis is a systematic process of collecting detailed information pertaining to a specific job.
    • This information includes tasks, duties, responsibilities, human attributes, and work-related characteristics.
    • Understanding job analysis helps to clarify knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) for training and performance management purposes.
    • Job analysis is also essential for determining appropriate compensation and benefits.

    Job Analysis Steps

    • Review previous job analysis data and available digital databases (such as NOC).
    • Choose and collect appropriate job information resources (using organizational charts, etc.).
    • Document key information and develop relevant documents.

    Job Analysis: Sources of Job Information

    • Subject matter experts (SMEs) can provide valuable information related to the job tasks, duties, responsibilities, human attributes, and KSAs needed to perform a given job.

    Job Analysis: Key Documents

    • Job description: Outlining job tasks and responsibilities.
    • Job specification: Detailing the KSAs required to perform the job.

    Competency Analysis

    • An alternative to traditional job analysis, which identifies characteristics (competencies, including knowledge, skills and abilities).
    • Competency modeling describes characteristics in behavioral terms and defines successful job performance, aiding organizational benefit.
    • Categories of competencies, such as "Core," "Cross-Functional," and "Functional," can be used to categorize job competencies

    Competency Modeling Methods

    • Critical incidents technique is used to identify critical incidents in a given job, assess and categorize for analyzing job performance and successful job outcomes.

    Job Design

    • Job design defines roles and responsibilities of a given position.
    • It can establish or revise existing roles. Job design improves employee effectiveness and is optimized for performance and efficiency.

    Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction

    • Meaningfulness of work and degree of autonomy; importance of responsibility to outcomes.
    • Knowledge of results and quality of feedback about job performance also affect satisfaction.

    Job Design Strategies

    • Job Rotation involves temporary movement of employees between different job or departments for variety, and identity.
    • Job Enlargement adds activities to existing job roles.

    Employee Recruitment

    • The recruitment process identifies and attracts potential new employees and generates an applicant pool
    • Internal recruitment actively seeks qualified existing employees, while External recruitment targets individuals who are not part of the existing workforce.

    Sources of Recruitment

    • Internal recruitment seeks and finds existing qualified employees
    • External recruitment, active or passive, seeks new employees from organizations and individuals outside of the target company.

    Screening Methods

    • Standardized application forms and resumes to collect preliminary information (identifying basic criteria for job specifications)
    • Selection tests (aptitude and achievement tests, personality, and integrity tests) to determine potential skills, abilities, and traits.

    Preliminary Screening

    • Review applications and related information, ensuring qualifications and skills match position criteria, and eliminating unqualified candidates.

    Selection Interview

    • Selection interviews using a structured format.
    • Evaluate candidate qualifications, skills, and characteristics against job requirements.
    • Provide job candidates with realistic insights to manage expectations and expectations.

    Background Checks

    • Conducting background checks validates candidate information.
    • Thorough assessment of various background characteristics, ensuring compliance and accountability.

    Selection Decision Approaches

    • Multiple hurdles and compensatory models determine appropriate candidates for a position with reference and information checks, validation of credentials, and other criteria.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of Human Resource Management (HRM), including its operational and strategic functions. This quiz covers key HRM systems such as recruitment, training, and employee retention strategies. Test your knowledge on how HRM aligns workforce efforts with organizational goals.

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