Introduction to GIS
20 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does GIS stand for?

  • Graphical Information System
  • Geospatial Information System
  • Geographic Information System (correct)
  • Global Information System

    • GIS can only be used for analyzing physical locations and features, such as roads and buildings.

    False (B)

    Provide one example of a question that a GIS system can answer about trends.

    What has changed in the distribution of forest cover over the past 50 years?

    Which of these are examples of GIS software?

    <p>ArcGIS (B), EDRISI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The five key components of a GIS system are hardware, software, data, ______, and users.

    <p>procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term "geographic information system" was first used in the 1990s.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each GIS component with its corresponding example:

    <p>Hardware = GPS receiver Software = ArcGIS Data = Satellite imagery Procedures = Step-by-step instructions for creating a map Users = Military analysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the "father of GIS"?

    <p>Roger Tomlinson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overlay analysis is a technique used to integrate multiple sources of information, such as ______, ______, and ______.

    <p>Stand Types, Hydrology, Roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following GIS applications with their primary functions:

    <p>ArcMap = For creating maps and performing spatial analysis ArcCatalog = For managing and organizing geospatial data ArcScene = For creating 3D visualizations ArcInfo = For advanced spatial analysis and geodatabase management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data acquisition is typically the least expensive part of a GIS project.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of spatial data models used in GIS?

    <p>Vector and raster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical GIS layer?

    <p>Weather Patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of converting the Earth's spherical surface into a flat plane is called ______.

    <p>projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following GIS operations with their descriptions:

    <p>Data Acquisition = Obtaining or creating new data for a GIS project. Attribute Data Management = Describing the characteristics of spatial features through data entry and verification. Data Exploration = Examining and understanding data subsets before analysis. Data Analysis = Performing operations on data to gain insights and discover patterns. Data Display = Creating maps and other visualizations to communicate spatial information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of data exploration in GIS?

    <p>To understand and prepare data for analysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a projected coordinate system and a geographic coordinate system?

    <p>A geographic coordinate system uses longitude and latitude values to represent locations on the Earth's surface. A projected coordinate system converts these values into x and y coordinates for display on a flat map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GIS data can only be obtained through field surveys and GPS data.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of combining multiple layers of GIS data is called ______.

    <p>overlay analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of attribute data in GIS?

    <p>Attribute data provides descriptive information about spatial features, such as their name, type, size, or other characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    GIS

    A Geographic Information System used to manage and analyze geospatial data.

    Geospatial Data

    Data that describes the locations and characteristics of spatial features.

    GIS Components

    Five key elements: hardware, software, data, people, and methods.

    Overlay Analysis

    A GIS operation that combines multiple data layers to analyze spatial relationships.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    GIS Applications

    Uses of GIS across various fields such as urban planning, environmental management, and transportation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    GIS Software

    Applications used for geographic data analysis and visualization.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Data Sources

    Origins of data used in GIS like maps, databases, GPS, and remote sensing.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Father of GIS

    Roger Tomlinson, who developed the first operational GIS in the 1960s.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    History of GIS

    Evolution of GIS from the 1960s to modern web applications.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    GIS Layers

    Different types of geospatial data, such as municipalities and rivers, in a GIS system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Coordinate System

    A system that uses longitude and latitude to identify locations on Earth.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Vector Data Model

    A GIS data model that uses points, lines, and polygons to represent discrete features.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Raster Data Model

    A GIS data model that represents continuous data using grid cells.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Data Acquisition

    The process of obtaining existing or new data for use in GIS projects.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Data Exploration

    The initial examination of data subsets before detailed analysis.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Data Analysis

    Methods used to interpret and manipulate data, such as buffering and intersect.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Map Elements

    Components of a map, including title, legend, and scale, that convey information.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Introduction to GIS

    • GIS, or Geographic Information System, is a computer information system designed to input, manage, manipulate, analyze, and display geospatial data for decision-making.
    • Geospatial data describes both the locations and characteristics of spatial features.
    • Examples include roads (location, length, speed limit, direction).

    GIS Answers

    • Location: Identifying what exists at a specific location (using place names, postal codes, or coordinates like longitude/latitude or x/y).
    • Condition: Determining locations where specified conditions are met (e.g., a specific size forested area within a certain distance of a road).
    • Trends: Identifying changes over time (e.g., land use or elevation changes).
    • Modeling: Investigating hypothetical scenarios (e.g., adding a new road to a network).
    • Patterns: Identifying spatial relationships (e.g., number of people who work in a store or the shortest route between locations).

    GIS Components

    • Hardware: PCs, laptops, workstations with operating systems like Windows, Linux, UNIX, monitors, printers, plotters, digitizers, scanners, GPS, and mobile devices.
    • Software: User interfaces such as ArcGIS (ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene, ArcInfo), and EDRISI.
    • People: GIS professionals are key to managing and interpreting GIS data.
    • Data: Existing data or data collected specifically for the project for example digitized and scanned maps and databases. Data sources include existing data, GPS and field data (accurate location and attributes), and remotely sensed data (satellite imagery and aerial photography).

    GIS Operations

    • Data Acquisition: Obtaining or creating the data for GIS analysis through various methods like using existing datasets from online sources, GIS companies, GPS data, field surveys, new digitized paper maps or satellite images.
    • Attribute Data Management: Describing spatial feature characteristics by entering and verifying attribute data.
    • Data Analysis: Understanding different analysis types, and how they utilize spatial features to make decisions and interpret data (e.g., buffering, intersecting, overlay analysis).
    • Data Display: Mapmaking is critical for communicating spatial information clearly. This includes maps elements such as title, subtitle, body, legend, north arrow, scale, border and acknowledgment. Understanding map design principles is important for creating effective maps.

    History of GIS

    • Written records of property boundaries date back to 1400 BC.
    • The term "Geographic Information System" emerged in the 1960s.
    • Roger Tomlinson is considered the "father of GIS." In the 1960s, he developed the first operational GIS for Canada's Land Inventory.
    • In 1964, the Harvard Laboratory of Computer Graphics was founded.
    • GIS software, like GRID, ODESSEY, and SYMAP were created during the 1970s. In 1990, GIS began to be used in the business environment moving from research departments.
    • The late 1990s and early 2000s saw the development of online GIS based mapping.

    History of Overlay Analysis

    • Overlay analysis integrates data from various sources.
    • Dr. John Snow famously used overlay analysis in 1854 to identify cholera sources in London.

    Web Mapping and GIS

    • Web mapping services and applications, such as MapQuest, USGS National Atlas, US Census Bureau, NOAA World Wind, Google Maps, Google Earth, and Microsoft Virtual Earth and Yahoo Maps, emerged in the 1990s and 2000s.

    Factors Aiding the Rise of GIS

    • Revolution in info technology (computer technology, remote sensing, global positioning systems).
    • Advances in communication technology.
    • Rapidly falling cost and highly increased speed of computer hardware.
    • Enhanced software functionality.
    • The increasing role of geospatial information in everyday life

    GIS Applications

    • GIS has applications across various fields including business, government (local, state, federal, military sectors), economic development, emergency services, environmental studies, industry (transportation, communication, mining, pipelines, public health , epidemiology studies), urban planning, conservation, politics, education, and general situations wherever spatial data analysis is needed.

    Geo Spatial Data

    • Geospatial data is geographically referenced based on longitude and latitude values or x/y coordinates.
    • Features are displayed on a map according to a projected coordinate system.

    Vector Data Model

    • Represents discreet features with clear defined boundaries using points and their x and y coordinates, such as wells, streams and land parcels.

    Raster Data Model

    • Represents continuous features like elevation and perception using grid cells.

    Data Acquisition in GIS

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    LC 1_MIL230 Military Geographic Information Systems PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), focusing on how to input, manage, and analyze geospatial data. Learn about key components like location identification, trend analysis, and modeling to make informed decisions based on spatial data. Test your knowledge on the various applications and techniques used in GIS.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser