Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which branch of ethics explores the origins of ethical concepts?
Which branch of ethics explores the origins of ethical concepts?
- Descriptive Ethics
- Meta Ethics (correct)
- Applied Ethics
- Normative Ethics
According to Moral Foundation Theory, which foundation emphasizes resistance to oppression and the value of individual freedom?
According to Moral Foundation Theory, which foundation emphasizes resistance to oppression and the value of individual freedom?
- Fairness/Cheating
- Loyalty/Betrayal
- Liberty/Oppression (correct)
- Care/Harm
Which of the following best describes the nature of moral standards?
Which of the following best describes the nature of moral standards?
- Preferences for certain types of food or music.
- Evaluations of actions as right or wrong, good or bad. (correct)
- Customs and traditions that vary across cultures.
- Legal regulations enforced by governments.
In the context of the sources of morality, which source is most closely related to the 'why' behind an action?
In the context of the sources of morality, which source is most closely related to the 'why' behind an action?
How does virtue ethics primarily guide individuals in ethical decision-making?
How does virtue ethics primarily guide individuals in ethical decision-making?
Which question, proposed by Alasdair MacIntyre, focuses on defining the aspirational self?
Which question, proposed by Alasdair MacIntyre, focuses on defining the aspirational self?
Which cardinal virtue enables individuals to make sound judgments and act cautiously?
Which cardinal virtue enables individuals to make sound judgments and act cautiously?
Which of the following reflects the meaning of impartiality in ethical decision-making?
Which of the following reflects the meaning of impartiality in ethical decision-making?
What concept is best exemplified by a doctor facing a choice between honoring patient confidentiality and reporting a threat to public safety?
What concept is best exemplified by a doctor facing a choice between honoring patient confidentiality and reporting a threat to public safety?
Which moral foundation, according to Haidt's theory, is most related to the evolutionary need to protect children?
Which moral foundation, according to Haidt's theory, is most related to the evolutionary need to protect children?
How do non-moral standards differ from moral standards?
How do non-moral standards differ from moral standards?
What role does 'reason' play in ethical decision-making?
What role does 'reason' play in ethical decision-making?
Which theological virtue leads individuals to love God and others?
Which theological virtue leads individuals to love God and others?
What is the significance of 'Eudaimonia' in virtue ethics?
What is the significance of 'Eudaimonia' in virtue ethics?
Which of the following best describes the focus of descriptive ethics?
Which of the following best describes the focus of descriptive ethics?
Which element is NOT a source of morality?
Which element is NOT a source of morality?
Which of Haidt's moral foundations emphasizes patriotism and the importance of group cohesion?
Which of Haidt's moral foundations emphasizes patriotism and the importance of group cohesion?
Which of the following best represents the role of 'circumstances' in determining morality?
Which of the following best represents the role of 'circumstances' in determining morality?
Which virtue involves moderation and balance in the pursuit of pleasure?
Which virtue involves moderation and balance in the pursuit of pleasure?
Who is credited with developing the Moral Foundation Theory?
Who is credited with developing the Moral Foundation Theory?
Flashcards
Ethics Defined
Ethics Defined
Systematic explanation of right and wrong in human life.
Descriptive Ethics
Descriptive Ethics
Deals with what people actually believe to be moral.
Normative Ethics
Normative Ethics
Deals with how one should act based on norms.
Meta-Ethics
Meta-Ethics
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Applied Ethics
Applied Ethics
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Moral Standards
Moral Standards
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Non-Moral Standards
Non-Moral Standards
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Moral Foundation Theory
Moral Foundation Theory
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Care/Harm Foundation
Care/Harm Foundation
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Fairness/Cheating Foundation
Fairness/Cheating Foundation
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Liberty/Oppression Foundation
Liberty/Oppression Foundation
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Loyalty/Betrayal Foundation
Loyalty/Betrayal Foundation
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Authority/Subversion Foundation
Authority/Subversion Foundation
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Sanctity/Degradation Foundation
Sanctity/Degradation Foundation
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Morality
Morality
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Moral Dilemma
Moral Dilemma
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Virtue Ethics
Virtue Ethics
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Prudence
Prudence
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Justice
Justice
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Impartiality
Impartiality
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Study Notes
- Ethics comes from the Greek word "ethos."
Natures of Ethics
- Ethics offers a systematic explanation of right and wrong in human life, making it a science.
- Ethics deals with an ideal vision of a higher condition of life and society.
- Ethics addresses what "ought to be," focusing on ideals that are possible and obligatory.
- Ethics is a wisdom of values, concerning forms of conduct or behavior.
- Ethics involves the will of a being with feeling and volition.
Branches of Ethics
- Descriptive ethics deals with what people actually believe.
- Normative ethics deals with "norms" or considerations on how one should act.
- Meta ethics deals with the origins of ethical concepts.
- Applied ethics deals with the philosophical examination from a moral standpoint.
Moral Standards
- Moral standards involve actions, decisions, or behaviors evaluated as right or wrong.
- Non-moral standards are not subject to ethical or moral judgment.
Moral Foundation Theory
- Moral Foundation Theory explains how people make moral judgments.
- Jonathan Haidt developed the Moral Foundation Theory.
Six Moral Foundations
- Care/Harm: Based on the need to care for vulnerable offspring and avoid causing harm.
- Fairness/Cheating: Revolves around justice, fairness, and reciprocity.
- Liberty/Oppression: Focuses on individual freedom and resistance to oppression.
- Loyalty/Betrayal: Emphasizes group loyalty and patriotism.
- Authority/Subversion: Concerns respect for tradition, hierarchy, and authority.
- Sanctity/Degradation: Rooted in feelings of disgust and purity.
Morality
- Morality refers to the principles, norms, and values that govern behavior.
Sources of Morality
- Objects: Will
- Intention: Reason
- Circumstances: Consequences
Moral Dilemma
- A moral dilemma is a situation where an individual faces conflicting moral principles.
Virtue Ethics
- Virtue ethics guides one toward the characteristics and behaviors of a good person.
Principles of Virtue Ethics
- Focuses on character rather than strict rules or outcomes.
- Eudaimonia: Flourishing/happiness.
- Emphasizes the role of context and emotions like empathy and compassion.
Three Questions Proposed by Alasdair MacIntyre
- Who am I? Requires reflection on current self and identity.
- What ought I to become? Involves envisioning the kind of person we aim to be.
- How ought I to get there? Concerns the path to becoming the person we ought to be.
Cardinal Virtues
- Faith: Belief in God.
- Hope: Trust in God.
- Charity: Love in God.
Theological Virtues
- Prudence: Using reason and good judgment to make decisions carefully.
- Justice: Treating all human beings equally and impartially.
- Temperance: Pleasure and self-control.
- Fortitude: Courage and strength.
Reason and Impartiality
- Reason is the ability to think logically, analyze information, and make evidence-based conclusions.
- Impartiality is the quality of being neutral and unbiased.
Moral Development Theory
- Moral Development Theory describes how people learn right from wrong and act accordingly.
- Lawrence Kohlberg developed the moral development theory.
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