Introduction to Epidemiology Terminologies Quiz

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What approach was born from the emphasis on chronic diseases?

Disease prevention (correct)

Pathogenesis theory

Infectious disease control

Social policy and health promotion

What does the 'web of causation' theory focus on?

Infectious diseases after WWII

Remote factors influencing disease

Immediate disease causes only

Risk and protective factors interconnections (correct)

During which era did infectious diseases decline significantly?

Epidemiology Era

Preventive Era

Post-WWII Era (correct)

Chronic Era

What is one of the purposes of epidemiology according to the text?

Determining consistency of data with proposed hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

Which types of epidemiology are mentioned in the text?

Descriptive and Analytic Signup and view all the answers

What is one aim of epidemiology, as stated in the text?

Provide a basis for developing disease control measures Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of 'shoe leather epidemiology'?

Characterizing the disease before intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of analytic studies?

Use of valid comparison group Signup and view all the answers

What does the evaluation process in epidemiology focus on?

Determining relevance and effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

What does 'efficacy' refer to in epidemiology?

Ability to produce results under ideal conditions Signup and view all the answers

Why do epidemiologists work in multidisciplinary teams?

Many outbreaks cross geographical and jurisdictional boundaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of 'Linkages' in field epidemiology?

Ensuring collaboration across different disciplines Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected?

Infectivity Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal?

Virulence Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Incubation period refer to?

Time interval between entry of disease agent into the body and the initial manifestation of the disease Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Carrier describe?

Person who harbours a disease agent and is asymptomatic but can transmit the disease to others Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an ongoing usual level (constant presence) of a disease within a given population?

Endemic Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Zoonosis?

Disease or infection naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and human beings Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe causes and risk factors that influence the occurrence of a health event?

Determinant Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person?

Pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential ability and strength of a pathogenic substance to cause disease known as?

Pathogenicity Signup and view all the answers

Which term is defined as the pattern of response by a living organism to invasion by a foreign substance or injury?

Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in a host?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the occurrence of health events in a population and its relationship to the size of the population?

Frequency Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Incidence' refer to?

Extent that persons within a population who do not have a disease develop the disease during a specific time period Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the distribution of a population by age?

Demography Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Mortality' relate to?

Related to death Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Vector' in the context of infectious diseases?

Usually an arthropod which transfers infectious agent from an infected person to a healthy person Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Point prevalence' represent?

Number of cases of a disease existing in a group at that moment Signup and view all the answers

What do epidemiologists rely on clinical physicians and lab scientists for during a disease outbreak?

Proper diagnosis of individual patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of epidemiological information in daily personal decisions?

Aiding individuals in making informed health choices Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Syndrome' refer to in the context of diseases?

A group of symptoms that collectively indicate a disease Signup and view all the answers

How do epidemiologists contribute to physician's understanding of the clinical picture and natural history of diseases?

By analyzing data and patterns related to the diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of studying a disease outbreak from an epidemiological perspective?

To prevent, control, and eliminate the causes of the disease Signup and view all the answers

During which era did the miasmic epidemiology theory believe that disease was transmitted through the environment?

Sanitary Era Signup and view all the answers

What theory was advocated during the Infectious Era (germ paradigm) in the mid-1900s?

Germ theory Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant contribution of the Infectious Era according to MacDonald (2004)?

Birth of public health nursing Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the belief during the Sanitary Era about how diseases were transmitted?

Through air, dust, or odors Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Infectious Era (germ paradigm) from the Sanitary Era in disease causation?

Realization of infection as a cause Signup and view all the answers

Which era marked the advancement in laboratory science leading to a greater understanding of disease transmission?

Infectious Era Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the time interval between entry of a disease agent into the body and the initial manifestation of the disease?

Incubation period Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected?

Infectivity Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a person who harbors a disease agent, is asymptomatic, and can transmit the disease to others?

Carrier Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an outbreak or occurrence of a specific disease from a single source in a group population, community, or geographical area?

Epidemic Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Zoonosis' refer to?

Disease transmitted between animals and humans Signup and view all the answers

Which term represents the pattern of response by a living organism to invasion by a foreign substance or injury?

Immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of epidemiology?

To identify causation in disease problems Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of epidemiologists mentioned in the text?

Design and implement research studies and health surveys Signup and view all the answers

Which step is included in the process of solving health problems according to the text?

Step 4: Action Signup and view all the answers

What does the role of an epidemiologist involve?

Investigating outbreaks and designing research studies Signup and view all the answers

Which data is essential for planning, implementation, and evaluation of health care according to the text?

Distribution and magnitude of disease problems Signup and view all the answers

What is a core function of epidemiologists as mentioned in the text?

Collecting and analyzing vital records like birth and death statistics Signup and view all the answers

What term is defined as the potential ability and strength of a pathogenic substance to cause disease?

Pathogenicity Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the pattern of response by a living organism to invasion by a foreign substance or injury?

Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the development, production, or process of generating a disease?

Pathogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which term is defined as the potential ability of an organism to produce disease?

Pathogenicity Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Disease' refer to as defined in the terminologies?

Pattern of response by living organism to invasion by foreign substance or injury Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person?

Occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person Signup and view all the answers

Introduction to Epidemiology Terminologies Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What approach was born from the emphasis on chronic diseases?

What does the 'web of causation' theory focus on?

During which era did infectious diseases decline significantly?

What is one of the purposes of epidemiology according to the text?

Which types of epidemiology are mentioned in the text?

What is one aim of epidemiology, as stated in the text?

What is the focus of 'shoe leather epidemiology'?

What is the hallmark of analytic studies?

What does the evaluation process in epidemiology focus on?

What does 'efficacy' refer to in epidemiology?

Why do epidemiologists work in multidisciplinary teams?

What is the primary aim of 'Linkages' in field epidemiology?

What term refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected?

Which term is used to describe the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal?

What does the term Incubation period refer to?

What does the term Carrier describe?

Which term describes an ongoing usual level (constant presence) of a disease within a given population?

What characterizes Zoonosis?

What is the term used to describe causes and risk factors that influence the occurrence of a health event?

Which term refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person?

What is the potential ability and strength of a pathogenic substance to cause disease known as?

Which term is defined as the pattern of response by a living organism to invasion by a foreign substance or injury?

What is the term for the entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in a host?

Which term refers to the occurrence of health events in a population and its relationship to the size of the population?

What does the term 'Incidence' refer to?

Which term describes the distribution of a population by age?

What does the term 'Mortality' relate to?

What is a 'Vector' in the context of infectious diseases?

What does the term 'Point prevalence' represent?

What do epidemiologists rely on clinical physicians and lab scientists for during a disease outbreak?

What is the role of epidemiological information in daily personal decisions?

What does the term 'Syndrome' refer to in the context of diseases?

How do epidemiologists contribute to physician's understanding of the clinical picture and natural history of diseases?

What is the purpose of studying a disease outbreak from an epidemiological perspective?

During which era did the miasmic epidemiology theory believe that disease was transmitted through the environment?

What theory was advocated during the Infectious Era (germ paradigm) in the mid-1900s?

What was a significant contribution of the Infectious Era according to MacDonald (2004)?

What characterized the belief during the Sanitary Era about how diseases were transmitted?

What distinguishes the Infectious Era (germ paradigm) from the Sanitary Era in disease causation?

Which era marked the advancement in laboratory science leading to a greater understanding of disease transmission?

What term describes the time interval between entry of a disease agent into the body and the initial manifestation of the disease?

Which term refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected?

What do we call a person who harbors a disease agent, is asymptomatic, and can transmit the disease to others?

Which term describes an outbreak or occurrence of a specific disease from a single source in a group population, community, or geographical area?

What does the term 'Zoonosis' refer to?

Which term represents the pattern of response by a living organism to invasion by a foreign substance or injury?

What is the primary goal of epidemiology?

What is one of the functions of epidemiologists mentioned in the text?

Which step is included in the process of solving health problems according to the text?

What does the role of an epidemiologist involve?

Which data is essential for planning, implementation, and evaluation of health care according to the text?

What is a core function of epidemiologists as mentioned in the text?

What term is defined as the potential ability and strength of a pathogenic substance to cause disease?

Which term refers to the pattern of response by a living organism to invasion by a foreign substance or injury?

What term describes the development, production, or process of generating a disease?

Which term is defined as the potential ability of an organism to produce disease?

What does 'Disease' refer to as defined in the terminologies?

Which term refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person?

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