Mastering Effective Communication in Outbreak Management

<p>Point source epidemics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significant impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early systematic assessment of the risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To formulate hypotheses on transmission modes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surveillance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the escape of pathogens via airborne transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prohibiting large public gatherings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding crowding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing the number of active cases at any given time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combining multiple measures to prevent transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide preventive antibiotics and vaccines to high-risk contacts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Events that involve biological agents/diseases and result in both rapidly escalating case numbers and severe clinical disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malaria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serious risk of mental health impacts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The separation of already infected persons during their period of infectiousness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The separation of those who may be potentially capable of transmitting disease, but who are currently free of signs or symptoms of illness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The separation of individuals who may have become infected, often while they are still asymptomatic or at an early stage in the progression of the disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health‐related data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of population health initiatives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outbreak (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To develop targeted control measures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endemic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To collect and analyze health-related data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The management of outbreaks and the prevention of further spread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify and notify individuals who may have been exposed to an infectious disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The separation of infected individuals during their period of infectiousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal protection equipment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restricting personal movement/activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccination of the general population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixed epidemics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High public health impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To classify the epidemic as common source, propagated, or mixed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholera (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of work from illness/shutdowns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk with age/co-existing conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface and object cleaning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Border closures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementing multiple measures simultaneously to increase protection against infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing the number of active cases at any given time to prevent overwhelming the healthcare system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The likely public health impact and the potential to cause a massive outbreak or pandemic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common source epidemics, propagated epidemics, and mixed epidemics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmonella outbreak from contaminated chicken at a buffet lunch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment of cases and control measures to reduce the spread or prevent recurrence (e.g. improving sanitation/water supply, immunization).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isolation refers to the separation of already infected persons during their period of infectiousness, while quarantine refers to the separation of those who may be potentially capable of transmitting disease but are currently free of signs or symptoms of illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surveillance systems form the foundation of successful infectious disease control. They allow communities to anticipate the emergence of infectious diseases, support outbreak responses, and facilitate monitoring and evaluation of responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surveillance systems collect, analyze, and interpret health-related data essential for planning, implementing, and evaluating population health initiatives. They form the foundation of successful infectious disease control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notifiable disease reporting ensures that when certain diseases are identified, health workers contact a central public health agency to initiate an effective and timely response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PREVENTION, PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE, RECOVERY</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>uncontrolled urbanisation, climate factors, trade and transport practices, modes of food production, human migration patterns, patterns of animal movements into new habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>developing an emergency management plan, practicing the plan, evaluating preparedness levels, preparing healthcare facilities, stockpiling antibiotics or antiviral medications, providing respiratory protection for staff and support teams, having laboratory support</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>promptly reporting unusual diseases or clusters, triaging and isolating patients suspected of infection, balancing public protection with dignity and privacy, mobilizing emergency and clinical services, providing general supportive therapy, preventing further transmission through screening, contact tracing, isolation, quarantine, social distancing, personal protection, and vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outbreak refers to an increase in the number of infections that is relatively localized in time and space. Endemic refers to the usual or expected persistent level of disease in a given area or community. Epidemic refers to a rise in case numbers above the background or expected rate of the disease in a community or region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pandemic is strictly defined as any epidemics that cross international boundaries and affect a large number of people worldwide. However, in practice, it is usually applied to infections that pose a serious risk to public health and cause severe illness with little population immunity. It does not include cyclical or seasonal infections like regular seasonal flu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key concepts in communicable disease control include outbreaks and epidemics, which are defined as an increase in the number of infections that is relatively localized in time and space, the usual or expected persistent level of disease in a given area or community, and a rise in case numbers above the background or expected rate of the disease in a community or region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key elements of effective communication in outbreak management include prompt and accurate relaying of information to all stakeholders, transparency and unambiguous messaging, acknowledgement of uncertainty, and dissemination of information to the public, media, and decision-makers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An infectious disease emergency refers to events that involve biological agents/diseases and result in rapidly escalating case numbers and severe clinical disease. These events often present challenges in achieving effective community control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens such as viruses (e.g., pandemic influenza, coronaviruses, Ebola) and bacteria (e.g., bubonic plague, anthrax, cholera) have the potential to cause infectious disease emergencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pandemics and infectious disease emergencies pose major threats to population health in terms of morbidity (illness) and mortality (death). They can disproportionately affect vulnerable populations such as the very young, the elderly, and individuals with impaired immune systems or chronic diseases. Additionally, they can have significant mental health impacts and disrupt social and economic functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Flattening the curve' refers to reducing the number of active cases at any given time in order to give both health services and other essential services time to prepare and respond, without becoming overwhelmed. It is important because it aims to avoid a large spike of cases that cannot be managed by the health system and to reduce the case numbers to a lower level over a longer time to keep the cases below the level of maximum health system capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Defence in depth' or 'layered interventions' refer to combining multiple measures to reduce the risk of infection. They are more effective than single measures because each measure may have 'holes' or limitations, but when multiple measures are combined, the holes are less likely to align and the pathogen will not be able to slip through. Combining measures may increase protection but will inevitably increase their overall cost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some recommended non-pharmaceutical public health measures to reduce transmission of COVID-19 include hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, face masks for symptomatic individuals, voluntary isolation of ill individuals, surface and object cleaning, health advice for travelers, avoiding crowding, school closures and other measures, and workplace closures and measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of contact tracing is to identify and locate individuals who have been in close contact with an infected person in order to assess their risk of infection, provide necessary support and guidance, and prevent further transmission of the disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers