Introduction to Epidemiology

<p>Weekly bathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They had a high incidence of scrotal cancer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bernardino Ramazzini (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of smallpox vaccination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By publishing systematic observations of worker diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of the dose-response relationship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He refuted superstitious explanations for disease outbreaks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shift from qualitative to quantitative analysis in epidemiology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hygiene practices in the workplace (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The identification of cancer in chimney sweeps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of hazardous work conditions on health. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating a safe and efficient work environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Renaissance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bernardino Ramazzini (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chimney sweeper's cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occupational diseases across various professions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mortality tables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are likely subject to harsh and dangerous working conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Graunt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It revealed a previously unnoticed disease in a specific profession. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of air and water quality on health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ramazzini's book, De Morbis Artificum Diatriba, highlighted workplace hazards related to postures, chemicals, dusts, and metals.

Sir Percival Pott linked scrotal cancer to chimney sweeping, recognizing an environmental cause of cancer.

Pott's recommendation that chimney sweeps bathe weekly, a rudimentary occupational health control.

Chimney sweeps had an unusually high rate of scrotal cancer based on Pott's observations.

Pott's work suggested that environmental factors, like workplace exposure, can cause cancer.

Edward Jenner developed a smallpox vaccine.

A vaccine created by Jenner to prevent smallpox.

Cancers linked to specific jobs and work environments.

Bernardino Ramazzini is considered the founder of occupational medicine, focusing on the health effects of work.

Ramazzini meticulously described various occupational diseases, including their symptoms and causes, based on his observations.

John Graunt utilized quantitative techniques to analyze population data, including mortality figures. He is credited with bringing a more scientific approach to statistics.

Graunt's work with mortality tables laid the foundation for understanding population trends. He is often called the "Columbus of Statistics."

Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician, proposed that environmental factors, like air and water quality, could contribute to disease.

A pioneer in toxicology, known for his contributions to the field during the early 16th century.

The principle that the effects of a poison are directly related to the amount of the substance ingested.

The idea that different chemicals affect specific organs or systems in the body.

An ancient Greek physician who contributed to epidemiology by challenging superstitious beliefs about disease outbreaks.

Attributing disease outbreaks to mystical or supernatural causes instead of identifiable factors.

An English scientist who recorded and analyzed birth and death data in London, laying the foundation for vital statistics.

Official records of births, deaths, and causes of death in a city or region.

Fluctuations in birth and death rates that occur throughout the year.