Epidemiology Basics
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Bacteria can live in almost every conceivable environment, including in or on the ______ body.

human

In bacteria, the cell wall forms a rigid structure of uniform thickness around the cell and is responsible for the characteristic shape of the cell (rod, coccus, or ______).

spiral

Inside the cell wall (or rigid peptidoglycan layer) is the ______ (cytoplasmic) membrane; this is usually closely apposed to the wall layer.

plasma

Bacteria can come from many different sources such as: Pet waste, septic systems, agriculture, wildlife and combined or sanitary sewage ______.

<p>overflows</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common Medication For Bacterial Infectious Diseases: Penicillin, Erythromycin, Cephalexin. An antibiotic drug obtained Used to treat a wide variety of Used to treat bacterial from molds of the genus bacterial ______.

<p>infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Penicillin is an antibiotic drug obtained from molds of the genus ______ and used to treat or prevent various infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.

<p>Penicillium</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the cause of the disease.

<p>agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Living organisms that invade the host, causing the disease are known as ______.

<p>biological agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

Substances that can interact with the body, causing disease, such as food additives, medications, and pesticides, are classified as ______.

<p>chemical agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

Factors in the environment that allow disease transmission make up the 'where' of the epidemiological ______.

<p>triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

The host is an organism that can be affected by an ______.

<p>agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Someone who is not vaccinated is an example of a ______ host.

<p>susceptible</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epidemiology is the foundation of ______ health

<p>public</p> Signup and view all the answers

The word epidemiology comes from ______ Greek root words

<p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epi—means 'on, upon, befall' (think of groups of ______)

<p>people</p> Signup and view all the answers

Demo—means 'people' (think of ______—'the study of statistics of populations')

<p>demographics</p> Signup and view all the answers

-ology—means 'the study of' ______

<p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refers not only to the number of health events in a population, but also refers to the occurrence to the relationship of that number to the size of the ______

<p>population</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some parasites, such as hookworms, can enter the body through the _______

<p>skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Enteral Phase ranges from 1-2 days, while the Parenteral Phase ranges from 2-8 weeks or more, depending on the infectious dose and possibly the species of the _______

<p>parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Types of Parasitic Infection include Protozoal, Helminth, and Ectoparasitic infections affecting various _______

<p>organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common Medication For Parasitic Infectious Diseases includes Albendazole and _______

<p>Anthelmintic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The broadest medication class used to treat parasitic infections is _______

<p>antimalarial medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases, are a group of rare degenerative brain disorders characterized by tiny holes that give the brain a 'spongy' _______

<p>appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

_________ Time

<p>Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

_________ Place

<p>Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pattern Personal Characteristics Annual, seasonal, weekly, Includes geographic variation, demographic factors which may daily, hourly, weekday versus urban/rural differences, and be related to risk of illness, injury, _________

<p>weekend</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determinants These are the causes and other factors that influence the occurrence of disease and other health-related events To search for these determinants, epidemiologists use analytic epidemiology or epidemiologic studies to provide the “Why” and “How” of such events.They assess whether groups with different rates of disease differ in their demographic characteristics, genetic or immunologic make-up, behaviors, environmental exposures, or other so-called potential risk factors.Ideally, the findings provide sufficient evidence to direct prompt and effective public health control and prevention measures.EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIAD ……… ……… The epidemiological triangle helps identify risk factors associated with diseases.Epidemiologistsidentify factors that increase the likelihood of disease transmission by analyzing interactions among the agent, host, and _________.

<p>environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

_________ TRIAD

<p>EPIDEMIOLOGIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

The epidemiological triangle helps identify risk factors associated with diseases.Epidemiologists identify factors that increase the likelihood of disease transmission by analyzing interactions among the agent, ______, and environment.

<p>host</p> Signup and view all the answers

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