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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of epidemiology?
What is the primary focus of epidemiology?
- Replication of organisms in host tissue
- Determining the mode of transmission
- Studying the natural course of disease, disability, injury, and death (correct)
- Spread of the organism in the environment
What is the purpose of studying the cause (or etiology) of diseases in epidemiology?
What is the purpose of studying the cause (or etiology) of diseases in epidemiology?
- To study the spread of the organism in the environment
- To provide administrative and planning data
- To determine the primary agent responsible or ascertain causative factors (correct)
- To identify and determine geographic patterns
What is dissemination in the context of epidemiology?
What is dissemination in the context of epidemiology?
- The spread of the organism in the environment (correct)
- The study of geographic patterns
- The replication of organisms in host tissue
- The mode of transmission of diseases
How does epidemiology aid in the planning and development of health services and programs?
How does epidemiology aid in the planning and development of health services and programs?
What does infection mean in the context of epidemiology?
What does infection mean in the context of epidemiology?
What is the purpose of studying geographic patterns in epidemiology?
What is the purpose of studying geographic patterns in epidemiology?
What is the immediate location from which the infecting organism has been transmitted?
What is the immediate location from which the infecting organism has been transmitted?
What term is used for hosts that harbor a pathogen without clinical symptoms and transmit the infection?
What term is used for hosts that harbor a pathogen without clinical symptoms and transmit the infection?
Which term is used for a biological source that aids in the transmission of infection from one host to another?
Which term is used for a biological source that aids in the transmission of infection from one host to another?
What term is used for an infection where the disease is transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans?
What term is used for an infection where the disease is transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans?
What term represents the number of cases of the disease existing in a given population during a specific period?
What term represents the number of cases of the disease existing in a given population during a specific period?
Which term represents the number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a specific period?
Which term represents the number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a specific period?
'_____ occurrence is a regular, continuing occurrence (a constant number of cases in one geographic area).'
'_____ occurrence is a regular, continuing occurrence (a constant number of cases in one geographic area).'
'If the agent is highly transmissible it is said to be ________.'
'If the agent is highly transmissible it is said to be ________.'
'Significantly increased occurrence (if the incidence of disease is greater than expected or greater than normal sporadic or endemic disease)' describes a ________.'
'Significantly increased occurrence (if the incidence of disease is greater than expected or greater than normal sporadic or endemic disease)' describes a ________.'
'_______ occurrence in multiple countries (the incidence of a disease is spread across continents)'.
'_______ occurrence in multiple countries (the incidence of a disease is spread across continents)'.
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Study Notes
Epidemiology Fundamentals
- The primary focus of epidemiology is to study the distribution and determinants of health-related events, diseases, or health-related characteristics among populations.
Studying Disease Causes
- The purpose of studying the cause (or etiology) of diseases in epidemiology is to understand the underlying factors that contribute to disease development and to identify risk factors.
Disease Transmission
- Dissemination in epidemiology refers to the spreading of diseases from one person to another.
- Infection refers to the entry and multiplication of an infectious agent in a host, which may or may not result in illness.
- The immediate location from which the infecting organism has been transmitted is called the source of infection.
- Carriers are hosts that harbor a pathogen without clinical symptoms and transmit the infection.
- Vectors are biological sources that aid in the transmission of infection from one host to another.
- Zoonosis is an infection where the disease is transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans.
Disease Measurement
- Prevalence represents the number of cases of the disease existing in a given population during a specific period.
- Incidence represents the number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a specific period.
Disease Patterns
- Endemic occurrence is a regular, continuing occurrence (a constant number of cases in one geographic area).
- A highly transmissible agent is said to be contagious.
- An epidemic is a significantly increased occurrence (if the incidence of disease is greater than expected or greater than normal sporadic or endemic disease).
- A pandemic refers to the occurrence of a disease in multiple countries (the incidence of a disease is spread across continents).
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