Introduction to Environmental Management
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Questions and Answers

What can cause energy loss at each level of the food chain?

  • Excessive heat from sunlight
  • Consumption of too many organisms
  • Movement of animals only
  • Respiration and undigested materials (correct)

    • What is the correct word equation for aerobic respiration?

  • glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (correct)
  • glucose + nitrogen → carbon dioxide + water
  • glucose + sugar → oxygen + carbon dioxide
  • carbon + water → glucose + oxygen

    • Which process returns carbon atoms to the atmosphere after organisms die?

  • Photosynthesis
  • Respiration
  • Combustion
  • Decomposition (correct)

    • In the carbon cycle, what role does photosynthesis play?

    <p>Incorporates carbon into plant materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a component of aerobic respiration?

    <p>Formation of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

    <p>C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the gradual release of carbon from geological formations?

    <p>Fossilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does feeding contribute to the carbon cycle?

    <p>It integrates carbon into organisms' bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a biome?

    <p>A large area characterized by its vegetation, soil, climate, and wildlife.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an ecosystem?

    <p>A self-sustaining interaction between living and nonliving components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components of an ecosystem is classified as abiotic?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which trophic level do primary consumers operate in a food chain?

    <p>2nd trophic level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the role or function of a species within its habitat?

    <p>Niche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly represents photosynthesis?

    <p>6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of photosynthesis on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations?

    <p>It helps to decrease atmospheric carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is energy transferred in a food chain?

    <p>Energy flows from one trophic level to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>One thing that is purposely changed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best defines a control group in an experiment?

    <p>A group subject to all variables except the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'bias' in environmental investigations?

    <p>A prejudice in favor or against something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does uncertainty impact the results of data measurement?

    <p>It highlights potential inaccuracies in the measured values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes reliable data?

    <p>Data that is consistent and complete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a dependent variable?

    <p>It is measured due to the independent variable's manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to a hypothesis becoming a theory?

    <p>Data that consistently supports the hypothesis over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a control variable that is not accounted for in an experiment?

    <p>An unmonitored factor that may affect the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the frequency of a species determined using quadrat data?

    <p>By dividing the number of quadrats in which the species was present by the total number of samples taken, then multiplying by 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by the formula $N = (A/a) x n$?

    <p>The estimated abundance using quadrat data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is NOT a technology used in data collection?

    <p>Observation of wildlife in natural habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'big data'?

    <p>A large quantity of statistics stored in a single file sent quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically associated with population density and distribution?

    <p>Individual preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do birth rates affect population size and composition?

    <p>Higher birth rates increase population size and composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one limitation of big data analysis?

    <p>Data updates can be very slow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a social factor affecting population dynamics?

    <p>Economic opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the rural population has access to safe drinking water?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector is NOT mentioned as competing for water resources?

    <p>Technological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of mismanagement of irrigation?

    <p>Salinisation of soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated as a result of international competition over water resources?

    <p>Potential conflicts and instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of water availability, how do low-income countries (LIC) compare to high-income countries (HIC)?

    <p>HICs have more fresh water sources available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the composition of acid deposition?

    <p>A mix of air pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the forms of acid deposition?

    <p>Acidic dry deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT part of the formation process of acid deposition?

    <p>Evaporation of acidic water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Environmental Management

    • A biome is a large area characterized by its vegetation, soil, climate, and wildlife.
    • An ecosystem is a self-sustaining structural and functional interaction between living and nonliving components.
    • The world bank classifies countries by income levels: low-income, lower-middle income, upper-middle income and high-income.
    • The process of photosynthesis is: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
      • The chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
      • Photosynthesis captures light energy for this process.
      • Limiting factors for photosynthesis are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.

    Ecosystem Trophic Levels

    • A population is a group of organisms of the same kind living in the same place.
    • A community is all of the populations that live in an ecosystem at the same time.
    • A habitat is a place where plants and animals live.
    • A niche is a subset of a habitat where only a particular species lives.
    • Producers are organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis (e.g., plants).
    • Primary consumers are organisms that eat producers (e.g., herbivores).
    • Secondary consumers are organisms that eat primary consumers (e.g., carnivores).
    • Tertiary consumers are organisms that eat secondary consumers (e.g., top predators).
    • Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organisms and waste (e.g., bacteria and fungi).
    • Trophic levels are feeding levels within food chains.
    • Energy is lost in a food chain because most of it is lost due to heat (released during respiration), through movement, or in materials that the consumer doesn't digest.

    Carbon Cycle

    • Aerobic respiration is the chemical reaction in cells that breaks down glucose molecules and releases energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
      • Word equation: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
      • Chemical equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
    • The carbon cycle is the continuous movement of carbon between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
      • Photosynthesis pulls carbon from the atmosphere or hydrosphere and uses it to make food.
      • Respiration releases carbon into the atmosphere.
      • Feeding transfers carbon from one organism to another.
      • Decomposition returns carbon to the atmosphere.
      • Fossilization is the slow release of carbon from rocks and underground deposits into the atmosphere.
      • Combustion releases carbon into the atmosphere and geosphere.

    Environmental Research and Data Collection

    • The scientific method involves the interplay between observations and the formation, testing, and evaluation of hypotheses.
    • A hypothesis is a testable prediction based on observations or experimental data.
    • An independent variable is the one thing that is purposely changed in an experiment.
    • A dependent variable is the measurement you can make due to the purposeful change made to the independent variable.
    • A control group is the group of subjects that receive no treatment.
    • Control variables are any variables that are kept constant throughout the experiment.
    • The limit of measure is the uncertainty in the measurement. The more difficult it is to measure something, the more uncertainty exists in the data.
    • A theory is developed when data routinely and consistently supports a hypothesis, and the data is reliable and valid, free of bias.
    • Reliable data is consistent and complete.
    • Bias is a prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group.

    Climate Change Research

    • Paleoclimate data, such as ice cores, provide reliable and valid climate data.
    • There are many sources of data for climate science which point to the trend of a changing climate.

    Data Collection and Analysis

    • Geospatial systems analyze terrestrial factors on land through a computer.
    • Satellite sensors analyze data based off of satellite observations.
    • Radio tracking uses a receiver to locate specific organisms.
    • Computer modeling uses virtual setups of real-life items and concepts.
    • Crowdsourcing virtually attracts people to join an event regardless of conditions.
    • Big data is a large quantity of statistics stored in a single file which is sent in a short amount of time.

    Human Population Dynamics and Structure

    • Population density is calculated by dividing the population by the area.
    • Factors influencing population density and distribution are: environmental, economic, social, political and historical.
    • Changes in birth rates, death rates, and migration rates affect population size and composition.
    • Water insecurity is a lack of access to safe and sufficient water due to factors such as: competition for demands, mismanagement, international competition, and inequality of availability.

    Water Management

    • Strategies for managing water security include:
      • Improving water efficiency.
      • Investing in water infrastructure.
      • Promoting water conservation.
      • Protecting water resources.
      • Developing water management policies.

    Acid Deposition

    • Acid deposition is a mix of air pollutants that deposit from the atmosphere as acidic water deposition or acidic dry deposition.

    • Acid deposition occurs in two forms: wet and dry deposition.

      • Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, snow, fog, or dew.
      • Dry deposition refers to acidic gases and particles that settle on surfaces like trees, buildings, soil, and water bodies.

    • The formation of acid deposition occurs in 6 steps:

      1. Release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
      2. Transformation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
      3. Transportation of sulfuric acid and nitric acid through the atmosphere.
      4. Deposition of sulfuric acid and nitric acid on land or water.
      5. Absorption of sulfuric acid and nitric acid by water bodies.
      6. Acidification of the environment.

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    Chapter 1-8 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in environmental management, including biomes, ecosystems, photosynthesis, and trophic levels. Test your knowledge on how living and nonliving components interact and the classification of organisms within various habitats.

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