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Questions and Answers
What can cause energy loss at each level of the food chain?
What is the correct word equation for aerobic respiration?
Which process returns carbon atoms to the atmosphere after organisms die?
In the carbon cycle, what role does photosynthesis play?
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Which of these is NOT a component of aerobic respiration?
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What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
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What process involves the gradual release of carbon from geological formations?
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How does feeding contribute to the carbon cycle?
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What is the definition of a biome?
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Which of the following best describes an ecosystem?
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Which of the following components of an ecosystem is classified as abiotic?
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At which trophic level do primary consumers operate in a food chain?
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What term describes the role or function of a species within its habitat?
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Which equation correctly represents photosynthesis?
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What is the primary impact of photosynthesis on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations?
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How is energy transferred in a food chain?
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What is the independent variable in an experiment?
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Which statement best defines a control group in an experiment?
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What is meant by the term 'bias' in environmental investigations?
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How does uncertainty impact the results of data measurement?
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Which of the following describes reliable data?
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What is a characteristic of a dependent variable?
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What can lead to a hypothesis becoming a theory?
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What is a control variable that is not accounted for in an experiment?
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How is the frequency of a species determined using quadrat data?
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What is represented by the formula $N = (A/a) x n$?
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Which of the following methods is NOT a technology used in data collection?
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What is meant by 'big data'?
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Which factor is NOT typically associated with population density and distribution?
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How do birth rates affect population size and composition?
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What is one limitation of big data analysis?
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Which of the following is NOT a social factor affecting population dynamics?
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What percentage of the rural population has access to safe drinking water?
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Which sector is NOT mentioned as competing for water resources?
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What is a potential consequence of mismanagement of irrigation?
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What is indicated as a result of international competition over water resources?
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In terms of water availability, how do low-income countries (LIC) compare to high-income countries (HIC)?
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What describes the composition of acid deposition?
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What is one of the forms of acid deposition?
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Which step is NOT part of the formation process of acid deposition?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Environmental Management
- A biome is a large area characterized by its vegetation, soil, climate, and wildlife.
- An ecosystem is a self-sustaining structural and functional interaction between living and nonliving components.
- The world bank classifies countries by income levels: low-income, lower-middle income, upper-middle income and high-income.
- The process of photosynthesis is: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
- The chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
- Photosynthesis captures light energy for this process.
- Limiting factors for photosynthesis are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.
Ecosystem Trophic Levels
- A population is a group of organisms of the same kind living in the same place.
- A community is all of the populations that live in an ecosystem at the same time.
- A habitat is a place where plants and animals live.
- A niche is a subset of a habitat where only a particular species lives.
- Producers are organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis (e.g., plants).
- Primary consumers are organisms that eat producers (e.g., herbivores).
- Secondary consumers are organisms that eat primary consumers (e.g., carnivores).
- Tertiary consumers are organisms that eat secondary consumers (e.g., top predators).
- Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organisms and waste (e.g., bacteria and fungi).
- Trophic levels are feeding levels within food chains.
- Energy is lost in a food chain because most of it is lost due to heat (released during respiration), through movement, or in materials that the consumer doesn't digest.
Carbon Cycle
- Aerobic respiration is the chemical reaction in cells that breaks down glucose molecules and releases energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
- Word equation: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
- Chemical equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
- The carbon cycle is the continuous movement of carbon between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
- Photosynthesis pulls carbon from the atmosphere or hydrosphere and uses it to make food.
- Respiration releases carbon into the atmosphere.
- Feeding transfers carbon from one organism to another.
- Decomposition returns carbon to the atmosphere.
- Fossilization is the slow release of carbon from rocks and underground deposits into the atmosphere.
- Combustion releases carbon into the atmosphere and geosphere.
Environmental Research and Data Collection
- The scientific method involves the interplay between observations and the formation, testing, and evaluation of hypotheses.
- A hypothesis is a testable prediction based on observations or experimental data.
- An independent variable is the one thing that is purposely changed in an experiment.
- A dependent variable is the measurement you can make due to the purposeful change made to the independent variable.
- A control group is the group of subjects that receive no treatment.
- Control variables are any variables that are kept constant throughout the experiment.
- The limit of measure is the uncertainty in the measurement. The more difficult it is to measure something, the more uncertainty exists in the data.
- A theory is developed when data routinely and consistently supports a hypothesis, and the data is reliable and valid, free of bias.
- Reliable data is consistent and complete.
- Bias is a prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group.
Climate Change Research
- Paleoclimate data, such as ice cores, provide reliable and valid climate data.
- There are many sources of data for climate science which point to the trend of a changing climate.
Data Collection and Analysis
- Geospatial systems analyze terrestrial factors on land through a computer.
- Satellite sensors analyze data based off of satellite observations.
- Radio tracking uses a receiver to locate specific organisms.
- Computer modeling uses virtual setups of real-life items and concepts.
- Crowdsourcing virtually attracts people to join an event regardless of conditions.
- Big data is a large quantity of statistics stored in a single file which is sent in a short amount of time.
Human Population Dynamics and Structure
- Population density is calculated by dividing the population by the area.
- Factors influencing population density and distribution are: environmental, economic, social, political and historical.
- Changes in birth rates, death rates, and migration rates affect population size and composition.
- Water insecurity is a lack of access to safe and sufficient water due to factors such as: competition for demands, mismanagement, international competition, and inequality of availability.
Water Management
- Strategies for managing water security include:
- Improving water efficiency.
- Investing in water infrastructure.
- Promoting water conservation.
- Protecting water resources.
- Developing water management policies.
Acid Deposition
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Acid deposition is a mix of air pollutants that deposit from the atmosphere as acidic water deposition or acidic dry deposition.
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Acid deposition occurs in two forms: wet and dry deposition.
- Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, snow, fog, or dew.
- Dry deposition refers to acidic gases and particles that settle on surfaces like trees, buildings, soil, and water bodies.
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The formation of acid deposition occurs in 6 steps:
- Release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
- Transformation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
- Transportation of sulfuric acid and nitric acid through the atmosphere.
- Deposition of sulfuric acid and nitric acid on land or water.
- Absorption of sulfuric acid and nitric acid by water bodies.
- Acidification of the environment.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in environmental management, including biomes, ecosystems, photosynthesis, and trophic levels. Test your knowledge on how living and nonliving components interact and the classification of organisms within various habitats.
