Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of experimental research design?
Which of the following is an example of experimental research design?
The control group in an experimental study receives the treatment.
The control group in an experimental study receives the treatment.
False
What is the primary difference between qualitative and quantitative research?
What is the primary difference between qualitative and quantitative research?
Qualitative research focuses on exploring concepts and experiences, while quantitative research focuses on measuring variables and statistical analysis.
The method used to gather data through interviews or surveys is known as __________.
The method used to gather data through interviews or surveys is known as __________.
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Match the research designs with their descriptions:
Match the research designs with their descriptions:
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In a research study, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is known as the:
In a research study, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is known as the:
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Causal comparative research establishes cause and effect relationships.
Causal comparative research establishes cause and effect relationships.
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Identify a potential research problem within the context of education.
Identify a potential research problem within the context of education.
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What is the first step in the scientific method?
What is the first step in the scientific method?
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Applied research aims solely to develop and test theories.
Applied research aims solely to develop and test theories.
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What distinguishes quantitative research from qualitative research?
What distinguishes quantitative research from qualitative research?
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____ research is based on collecting and analyzing numerical data.
____ research is based on collecting and analyzing numerical data.
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?
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Match the types of research with their descriptions:
Match the types of research with their descriptions:
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Interpretative inquiry methods rely heavily on numerical analysis.
Interpretative inquiry methods rely heavily on numerical analysis.
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What is the main goal of critical inquiry in research?
What is the main goal of critical inquiry in research?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?
Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?
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Experimental research designs include both independent and dependent variables.
Experimental research designs include both independent and dependent variables.
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What is the main difference between quantitative and qualitative research?
What is the main difference between quantitative and qualitative research?
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__________ research focuses on processes or phenomena through detailed exploration rather than numerical data.
__________ research focuses on processes or phenomena through detailed exploration rather than numerical data.
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Match the following types of quantitative research with their definitions:
Match the following types of quantitative research with their definitions:
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Which of the following is not a type of qualitative research?
Which of the following is not a type of qualitative research?
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Mixed methods research combines both qualitative and quantitative techniques.
Mixed methods research combines both qualitative and quantitative techniques.
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What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?
What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?
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Research involves solving problems that have no known __________ in the current context.
Research involves solving problems that have no known __________ in the current context.
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The main goal of __________ research is to solve immediate problems and improve existing solutions.
The main goal of __________ research is to solve immediate problems and improve existing solutions.
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The first step in the scientific method is identifying the __________ of interest.
The first step in the scientific method is identifying the __________ of interest.
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Quantitative research is based on collecting and analyzing __________ data.
Quantitative research is based on collecting and analyzing __________ data.
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Interpretative inquiry methods rely heavily on verbal descriptive __________.
Interpretative inquiry methods rely heavily on verbal descriptive __________.
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The group that serves as a baseline in an experiment is called the ______ group.
The group that serves as a baseline in an experiment is called the ______ group.
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In research, the variable that is changed by the researcher is known as the ______ variable.
In research, the variable that is changed by the researcher is known as the ______ variable.
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Research that investigates the relationship between two or more variables in a real-world setting is known as ______ research.
Research that investigates the relationship between two or more variables in a real-world setting is known as ______ research.
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One type of qualitative research is ______ research, which involves studying cultures and social interactions.
One type of qualitative research is ______ research, which involves studying cultures and social interactions.
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A well-defined ______ is crucial to guiding a research project and determining its direction.
A well-defined ______ is crucial to guiding a research project and determining its direction.
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Descriptive qualitative research aims to provide a ______ understanding of phenomena without numerical analysis.
Descriptive qualitative research aims to provide a ______ understanding of phenomena without numerical analysis.
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A research ______ describes what a researcher aims to achieve or discover through their study.
A research ______ describes what a researcher aims to achieve or discover through their study.
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The following is a type of __________ research: Correlational Research.
The following is a type of __________ research: Correlational Research.
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In __________ research, in-depth descriptions of situations are commonly utilized.
In __________ research, in-depth descriptions of situations are commonly utilized.
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A common method of __________ analysis is used in quantitative research.
A common method of __________ analysis is used in quantitative research.
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An example of __________ research design is an experimental study.
An example of __________ research design is an experimental study.
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Types of __________ research include case studies and ethnography.
Types of __________ research include case studies and ethnography.
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In a quantitative study, the __________ variable is the one that is manipulated by the researcher.
In a quantitative study, the __________ variable is the one that is manipulated by the researcher.
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Causal-comparative and descriptive research are examples of __________ research.
Causal-comparative and descriptive research are examples of __________ research.
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The __________ approach combines both qualitative and quantitative methods.
The __________ approach combines both qualitative and quantitative methods.
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The variable that is changed by the researcher is known as the ______ variable.
The variable that is changed by the researcher is known as the ______ variable.
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Quantitative research primarily involves collecting and analyzing __________ data.
Quantitative research primarily involves collecting and analyzing __________ data.
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One type of qualitative research is __________, which focuses on understanding human experiences and social phenomena.
One type of qualitative research is __________, which focuses on understanding human experiences and social phenomena.
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In an experimental research design, the __________ group does not receive the treatment being tested.
In an experimental research design, the __________ group does not receive the treatment being tested.
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Causal-comparative research is often used to identify cause and __________ relationships.
Causal-comparative research is often used to identify cause and __________ relationships.
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A __________ study focuses on understanding a specific case within its contextual conditions.
A __________ study focuses on understanding a specific case within its contextual conditions.
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In qualitative research, in-depth __________ provide rich descriptions of various contexts and situations.
In qualitative research, in-depth __________ provide rich descriptions of various contexts and situations.
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The __________ variable is the one that researchers manipulate in an experiment to observe its effect.
The __________ variable is the one that researchers manipulate in an experiment to observe its effect.
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Mixed methods research combines both __________ and qualitative techniques to provide a comprehensive perspective.
Mixed methods research combines both __________ and qualitative techniques to provide a comprehensive perspective.
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Research is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the __________ that we are concerned or interested.
Research is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the __________ that we are concerned or interested.
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Applied research aims solely to develop and test __________.
Applied research aims solely to develop and test __________.
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In quantitative research, data collected is often __________ and measurable.
In quantitative research, data collected is often __________ and measurable.
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One type of qualitative research is __________, which involves a deep exploration of cultural contexts.
One type of qualitative research is __________, which involves a deep exploration of cultural contexts.
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The __________ variable is what researchers manipulate to observe an effect in experimental research.
The __________ variable is what researchers manipulate to observe an effect in experimental research.
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Qualitative research often uses __________ analysis to interpret non-numerical data.
Qualitative research often uses __________ analysis to interpret non-numerical data.
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The group that does receive the treatment in an experimental study is called the __________ group.
The group that does receive the treatment in an experimental study is called the __________ group.
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Causal-comparative research aims to identify __________ between variables.
Causal-comparative research aims to identify __________ between variables.
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Quantitative research often involves the use of __________ samples to draw broader conclusions.
Quantitative research often involves the use of __________ samples to draw broader conclusions.
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In experimental research, the __________ group does not receive the treatment being tested.
In experimental research, the __________ group does not receive the treatment being tested.
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In quantitative research, data is often represented in __________ forms.
In quantitative research, data is often represented in __________ forms.
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Qualitative research typically involves gathering __________ data.
Qualitative research typically involves gathering __________ data.
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A __________ research design commonly involves testing a hypothesis with controlled variables.
A __________ research design commonly involves testing a hypothesis with controlled variables.
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One type of qualitative research is __________, which provides insight into cultural practices.
One type of qualitative research is __________, which provides insight into cultural practices.
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In a research study, the __________ variable is one that affects the dependent variable.
In a research study, the __________ variable is one that affects the dependent variable.
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Causal-comparative research is mainly used to establish cause and __________ relationships.
Causal-comparative research is mainly used to establish cause and __________ relationships.
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A mixed-methods approach combines both qualitative and __________ methods.
A mixed-methods approach combines both qualitative and __________ methods.
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Quantitative research often requires __________ samples to ensure statistical validity.
Quantitative research often requires __________ samples to ensure statistical validity.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Educational Research - Part 1
- Research is defined as solving problems with no known solutions in a current context.
- Research is not simply gathering information from books, papers, news, or experts. Anything that can be answered directly is not considered research.
- Online searches are not research.
- Research is a scientific process used to gain a deeper understanding of a phenomenon that is of interest.
- Research aims to understand the world, solve problems, and improve existing solutions.
What is Research?
- Research follows a structured approach.
- A research project typically involves an abstract, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, a bibliography, and an appendix.
Definition of Research
- Research is a rigorous and systematic method of answering questions.
- Research involves collecting and analyzing information (data) to increase understanding of a phenomenon of interest.
- Educational research focuses on issues, questions, or problems related to education.
Inquiry Methods in Research
- Positivist: This approach emphasizes the accuracy and validity of research evidence, often using numerical data analysis.
- Interpretive: This approach primarily uses verbal descriptive data, observation, and interviews to study subjects in depth and examine their characteristics.
- Critical: This approach aims to improve social conditions by analyzing existing social situations. The success of critical research is measured by whether researchers can improve the social situations they examined.
Steps of Conducting Scientific Research
- Identify the problem/area of interest
- Generate research objectives/questions
- Formulate a hypothesis (optional)
- Develop the research plan
- Collect and analyze data
- Accept/reject hypothesis (quantitative research)
- Interpret results and form conclusions
Research Classification
- System 1 (Basic Research): Focuses on developing and testing theories. This type of research often takes years to have practical applications.
- System 1 (Applied Research): Aims to solve immediate problems through research based on existing body of knowledge from basic research.
- System 2 (Quantitative Research): A structured approach involving numerical and measurable data, clearly stated questions, and statistical analysis. Includes large samples, hypothesis testing, and correlational, causal-comparative, and experimental research.
- System 2 (Qualitative Research): Uses descriptive data gathered via observation, interviews, detailed analysis of situations, and interpretation. Includes ethnographic, phenomenological, discourse analysis, and grounded theory research.
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Methods
- Quantitative: Numerical analysis, easily measurable data. Examples include experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational and causal-comparative research.
- Qualitative: Non-numerical, descriptive data. Examples include ethnography, case studies, grounded theory.
Decide on Your Research Approach
- Quantitative: Experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, causal-comparative, survey.
- Qualitative: Descriptive qualitative, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, case study.
- Mixed-methods: Combines both quantitative and qualitative methods.
System 3: Experimental vs. Non-Experimental Research
- Experimental: Manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable using control groups.
- Non-experimental: Examining relationships and patterns without manipulation of variables. Includes descriptive, correlational, and historical research, and causal-comparative studies.
Example of Experimental Research
- Time management program on students' academic achievement.
- Groups are either experimental or control.
An Overview of Research Designs
- Action research, experimental, correlational, causal-comparative, descriptive qualitative, ethnography, survey, historical, and case study.
Activity 1: Groupwork
- Identify five research articles in the TESL field (from 2020 or later)
- Determine the inquiry method and research approach.
- Prepare a short presentation to share findings with colleagues.
Criteria for a Good Research Title
- Should be feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, and relevant.
Methods for Identifying Research Areas
- Begin with a research problem
- Define research objectives and questions
- Formulate a research title
Activities 2
- Decide on three feasible research titles for an educational project.
- Present the research problems, objectives, and title.
References (sample list only):
- Include authors and titles to support various research methods and theories about Educational Research discussed.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of educational research in this quiz. Understand the difference between gathering information and conducting research, as well as the structured approach involved in a typical research project. Enhance your knowledge of research methodologies and their significance in solving real-world problems.
