Introduction to Dialectology II

A geographical area where neighboring dialects have minor differences that progressively increase with distance, making dialects further apart potentially mutually unintelligible.

The ability of speakers of different dialects to understand each other.

A regional variety of a language, differing in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.

A dialect associated with a particular social group.

A subfield of linguistics that studies linguistic variation, especially dialects, and their evolution by considering social factors and connections to linguistics geography.

The study of dialects and regional variants of a language, particularly focused on regions and geographic borders and their evolution.

Differences in language use across different geographical areas, social groups, and historical periods.

Distinct regions within a language with unique historical dialects.

The study of regional variations in language.

A large and structured collection of language data, used in linguistic analysis.

A map showing the geographical distribution of a specific linguistic feature.

A line on a dialect map marking the boundary between areas that use different forms of a particular linguistic feature.

The idea that language variations correlate with social backgrounds of speakers.

Collecting language data online, involving widespread participation from individuals.

Techniques used to collect linguistic data, such as surveys, interviews, and corpus analysis.

A specific aspect of a language, such as a sound, word, or grammatical structure.

The study of dialects considering social factors like socioeconomic status, gender, or education level alongside geographical location.

Differences in language use influenced by social factors, impacting vocabulary, pronunciation, or grammar.

Using computers to analyze large amounts of dialect data, to identify patterns and trends.

Studying how dialects are used in online communication like social media and the internet.

A gradual change in language across social groups, instead of geographical regions. This means that dialects can differ based on social factors like class, education, or status.

The study of dialects and their variations now focuses on how dialects interact and evolve in relation to social factors, geographical areas, and language change. It includes investigating dialect continua and the rise of new dialects.

A recent focus in dialectology involves understanding how people perceive and judge different dialects, examining attitudes and beliefs about language variation.

Dialectology has adapted to the modern world. It's no longer just about geographical boundaries but also about social factors and language change. It's a more dynamic and interdisciplinary field now.

Analyzing a large collection of language data to study language patterns and variations.

Collecting dialect data digitally through online surveys, allowing researchers to reach a wide audience with ease.

Representing dialect variations on a map using symbols, colors, and other visual elements for easy understanding and interpretation.

A type of dialect map that combines dots to mark locations with written forms or phonetic transcriptions, providing detailed information about specific language features.

A large-scale dialect research project using online surveys and field research to collect data on regional language variations in the UK.

Dialectologists use various methods like surveys, interviews, and corpus analysis to study language variation, often focusing on geographic and social factors.

Techniques used by dialectologists to gather data about language variations, including online surveys, interviews, and collecting written and spoken language samples.

Linguistic variation that occurs due to social factors, such as socioeconomic status, age, or education level.

Linguistic variation that occurs due to geographical location or regional differences.

The study of how languages and dialects change over time, focusing on reconstructing past linguistic stages.

Dialect maps display a clear picture of regional language variations, allowing researchers to study language change, cultural history, and social trends.

The study of how languages vary spatially and the factors influencing this variation.

Rules and patterns that govern how language variation occurs across different languages.

Aspects like settlement history, geography, and social patterns that shape language variation.

Differences in language use across different geographical areas.

New linguistic elements that spread through a language.

The relationship between a person's social position and the dialect they use.

The comparison between the formal, standardized form of English and regional variations.

Researchers who gather linguistic data directly from speakers in the field.

The process of gathering information on language variations, historically using surveys and interviews.

In the Survey of English Dialects (SED), NORMs are informants who represent the traditional dialects of their regions, providing data on language use.

William Labov shifted the focus of dialectology from rural dialects to urban dialects, incorporating social factors beyond geographical distribution.

Dialect maps visualize the geographic distribution of language features, showing areas where specific words or pronunciations are used, revealing patterns and linguistic change.

The social background of speakers can influence their use of language, creating dialect variations within a specific region, based on factors like social class or education.

Current dialectology research focuses on understanding how dialects change and evolve in relation to both social factors and geographical areas, investigating dialect continua and attitudes towards different dialects.

Modern dialectology takes an interdisciplinary approach, collaborating with other fields like sociology, anthropology, and computer science to study language variation.