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Questions and Answers
What is a primary factor that contributes to susceptibility to dental caries?
What is a primary factor that contributes to susceptibility to dental caries?
Which type of carbohydrate is most likely to be cariogenic?
Which type of carbohydrate is most likely to be cariogenic?
What role does Streptococcus mutans play in dental caries?
What role does Streptococcus mutans play in dental caries?
What is the critical pH level at which tooth material begins to dissolve?
What is the critical pH level at which tooth material begins to dissolve?
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How does the biochemical structure of teeth influence caries susceptibility?
How does the biochemical structure of teeth influence caries susceptibility?
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Which factor modifies the risk of dental caries by facilitating remineralization?
Which factor modifies the risk of dental caries by facilitating remineralization?
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What impact does the frequency of carbohydrate intake have on dental health?
What impact does the frequency of carbohydrate intake have on dental health?
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Why is the time period of exposure crucial for the development of dental caries?
Why is the time period of exposure crucial for the development of dental caries?
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What characterizes cavitated caries?
What characterizes cavitated caries?
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What type of caries is typically seen in teenagers and may increase pulp exposure?
What type of caries is typically seen in teenagers and may increase pulp exposure?
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Which classification system assesses the shape and depth of a carious lesion?
Which classification system assesses the shape and depth of a carious lesion?
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Which of the following categories describes incipient caries?
Which of the following categories describes incipient caries?
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What is considered intentional residual caries management?
What is considered intentional residual caries management?
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Which of the following tooth surfaces is NOT commonly restored in adult caries?
Which of the following tooth surfaces is NOT commonly restored in adult caries?
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How does caries begin in enamel?
How does caries begin in enamel?
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Which of the following accurately describes residual caries?
Which of the following accurately describes residual caries?
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What type of caries is characterized by lesions on unrestored surfaces?
What type of caries is characterized by lesions on unrestored surfaces?
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Which classification of caries involves lesions developing adjacent to restorations?
Which classification of caries involves lesions developing adjacent to restorations?
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What term describes caries that have become stationary or static?
What term describes caries that have become stationary or static?
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Which class of restoration design targets proximal surfaces of anterior teeth involving the incisal edge?
Which class of restoration design targets proximal surfaces of anterior teeth involving the incisal edge?
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Which type of caries is described as rapidly invading and can result in pulp exposure?
Which type of caries is described as rapidly invading and can result in pulp exposure?
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What is the first evidence of caries activity known as?
What is the first evidence of caries activity known as?
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Which type of caries affects exposed root surfaces, predominantly in older patients?
Which type of caries affects exposed root surfaces, predominantly in older patients?
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In the classification of the pathway of caries spread, what term describes when caries in the dentine exceeds the caries in the contiguous enamel?
In the classification of the pathway of caries spread, what term describes when caries in the dentine exceeds the caries in the contiguous enamel?
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What is the primary cause of dental caries?
What is the primary cause of dental caries?
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Which theory suggests that caries is a chemico-parasitic process involving the decalcification of enamel?
Which theory suggests that caries is a chemico-parasitic process involving the decalcification of enamel?
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What does the Caries Balance Concept emphasize?
What does the Caries Balance Concept emphasize?
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What are the primary factors identified in a high caries risk patient?
What are the primary factors identified in a high caries risk patient?
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Which of the following best describes affected dentine?
Which of the following best describes affected dentine?
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What role do enamel lamellae play in dental caries development?
What role do enamel lamellae play in dental caries development?
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How is dental caries most accurately defined?
How is dental caries most accurately defined?
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Which factor is NOT typically considered a protective factor against dental caries?
Which factor is NOT typically considered a protective factor against dental caries?
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What is a key characteristic of the proteolytic theory of dental caries?
What is a key characteristic of the proteolytic theory of dental caries?
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What does caries risk assessment evaluate?
What does caries risk assessment evaluate?
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Which zone of dentinal caries is characterized by normal collagen and odontoblastic processes?
Which zone of dentinal caries is characterized by normal collagen and odontoblastic processes?
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What is a key characteristic of Zone 2 of dentinal caries?
What is a key characteristic of Zone 2 of dentinal caries?
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Which zone of dentinal caries is described as turbid and contains bacteria?
Which zone of dentinal caries is described as turbid and contains bacteria?
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What differentiates infected dentine from affected dentine?
What differentiates infected dentine from affected dentine?
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Which diagnostic method relies on detecting softened tooth structure using an explorer?
Which diagnostic method relies on detecting softened tooth structure using an explorer?
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What appearance does a carious lesion have under ultraviolet examination?
What appearance does a carious lesion have under ultraviolet examination?
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Which zone of dentinal caries is capable of remineralization?
Which zone of dentinal caries is capable of remineralization?
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Which radiographic examination method is primarily used to detect interproximal caries?
Which radiographic examination method is primarily used to detect interproximal caries?
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Study Notes
Overview of Dental Caries
- Dental caries is a widespread chronic disease caused by the interaction of acid-producing bacteria and fermentable carbohydrates, leading to demineralization of enamel and dentine.
Definition of Dental Caries
- A microbial disease affecting calcified tooth tissues, characterized by demineralization and destruction of the tooth structure (Shafer).
- Pathological process resulting in localized dissolution of teeth (Sturdevant).
- Involves softening of hard tissue and cavity formation (WHO).
Theories of Dental Caries
- Acidogenic Theory: Proposed by Miller; involves decalcification of enamel and the impact of carbohydrates and microorganisms.
- Proteolytic Theory: Established by Heider Bodecker; highlights the role of organic components in tooth structure and microbial invasion.
- Proteolysis-Chelation Theory: Introduced by Schatz; explains enamel demineralization via keratinolytic microorganisms and neutral pH chelators.
- Caries Balance Concept: Focuses on the balance of pathogenic and protective factors in caries progression.
Aetiological Factors
- Primary Factors: Include tooth characteristics (susceptible areas, position, biochemical structure), substrate (dietary factors), bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus mutans), and effective time for caries development.
- Modifying Factors: Saliva's role in composition, pH, and viscosity influences caries risk.
Classification of Dental Caries
- Based on anatomical site, lesion status (primary or recurrent), speed of progression (acute, chronic, rampant, arrested), treatment design (Class I to VI), and extent (simple, compound, complex).
- Notable types include pit and fissure caries, root caries, and smooth surface caries.
Dentinal Caries Histopathology
- Carious lesions in dentine take a triangular shape with zones of varying characteristics from normal to infected dentine.
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Zones of Dentinal Caries:
- Zone 1: Normal dentine with intact structures.
- Zone 2: Sub transparent dentine, demineralized but bacteria-free, capable of remineralization.
- Zone 3: Transparent dentine without bacteria, can still remineralize.
- Zone 4: Turbid dentine with bacteria, lack of self-repair.
- Zone 5: Infected dentine, decomposed tissue filled with bacteria.
Differences Between Infected and Affected Dentine
- Infected Dentine: Soft, demineralized, bacteria-infested and non-remineralizable.
- Affected Dentine: Demineralized but not invaded by bacteria, maintains uninterrupted collagen structure and potential for remineralization.
Detection of Dental Caries
- Visual examination for cavitation, color changes, and surface roughness.
- Tactile examination using an explorer for softened tooth structure.
- Radiographic examination using periapical and bitewing radiographs for interproximal caries detection.
- Ultraviolet illumination reveals carious lesions as dark spots against the fluorescent background.
Caries Risk Assessment
- Evaluates susceptibility and presence of risk factors to identify individuals at high risk for developing caries.
- Criteria for identifying high caries risk patients include diet, saliva composition, oral hygiene practices, and fluoride exposure.
Prevention of Dental Caries
- Maintaining oral hygiene through regular brushing and flossing.
- Reducing consumption of refined sugars and promoting a balanced diet rich in nutrients.
- Utilizing fluoride treatments and sealants to strengthen tooth enamel and reduce the risk of decay.
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of dental caries as taught in the CLD 100 course by Dr. S. Bredenkamp. You will learn definitions, theories, aetiological factors, classification criteria, and histopathological zones of caries. Additionally, the quiz will address the differences between infected and affected dentine, along with detection methods for caries.
