Introduction to Data Communications
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Questions and Answers

Simplex communication is also known as ______ communication.

one-way

In half-duplex communication, devices can send and receive data, but not at the ______ time.

same

Full-duplex communication allows both devices to send and receive data at the ______ time.

same

A network is a set of devices, often referred to as ______, connected by communication links.

<p>nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ can be a cable, air, optical fiber, or any medium which can transport a signal.

<p>link</p> Signup and view all the answers

Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) are two broad categories of ______ networks.

<p>communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Devices that can send and/or receive data generated by other nodes are considered ______.

<p>nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

The growth of number and power of computers is driving the need for their ______.

<p>interconnection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data communications deals with the transmission of signals in a reliable and efficient manner, focusing on the transmission of ______.

<p>signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fundamental purpose of a communications system is the exchange of ______ between two parties.

<p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ converts data into transmittable signals.

<p>transmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loss of power in a signal as it travels from the sending device to the receiving device is known as ______.

<p>attenuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bandwidth refers to the amount of ______ that can be transferred from one point to another in a certain time period.

<p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protocols are sets of ______ that govern data communication.

<p>rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ can transmit a maximum of 56,000 bps, limiting the amount of information transferred.

<p>narrowband</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ takes incoming data after it has been transmitted.

<p>destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

The basic building block of any communications facility is the ______ line.

<p>transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

For long-distance communications, the choice of media is generally made by the long-distance ______.

<p>carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ever-increasing capacity of ______ optic channels is making channel capacity a virtually free resource.

<p>fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

Despite the growth in the capacity, transmission services remain the most costly component of a communications ______ for most businesses.

<p>budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

Point-to-Point protocol (PPP) defines how two devices will ______ each other.

<p>authenticate</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a ______ connection, there is a single transmitter and receiver.

<p>Point to Point</p> Signup and view all the answers

The type of transmission can be categorized as unicast, ______, or broadcast.

<p>multicast</p> Signup and view all the answers

The growing use of ______ transmission is a result of the trend toward universal personal telecommunications.

<p>wireless</p> Signup and view all the answers

The protocol maintains data integrity ensuring that the packets arrive in ______.

<p>order</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Bus topology, one long cable acts as a single communication ______.

<p>channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cable used in bus topology is RJ-45 cable or ______ cable.

<p>coaxial</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Star topology, sharing data is only possible through a ______.

<p>HUB</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Ring topology, each node is strongly connected with its adjacent ______.

<p>node</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the ______ fails in Star topology, the entire network will be affected.

<p>HUB</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mesh topology provides a point to point connection by ensuring every node is directly connected to ______.

<p>another node</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the disadvantages of Ring topology is a single point of ______.

<p>failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Star topology, all computer systems are connected with a central device called ______.

<p>HUB</p> Signup and view all the answers

One disadvantage of Mesh topology is that it is very difficult to add new ______.

<p>nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hybrid topology is a combination of various different topologies such as Bus, Star, and ______.

<p>Ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

Star topology is less expensive due to less ______.

<p>cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Bus topology, it takes more time to pass messages from one ______ to another.

<p>node</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tree topology is a combination of Bus and ______ topology.

<p>Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

A major disadvantage of Tree topology is its ______, which can be quite complex.

<p>design</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Tree topology, if the first level of a ______ fails, subsequent levels are affected too.

<p>node</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ develops standards and submits to ANSI for approval.

<p>standard bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Internet evolved from _____, the first operational packet network.

<p>ARPANET</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ coordinates and develops standards for US telephone service.

<p>Telcordia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ develops and coordinates standards such as HTTP, HTML, and XML.

<p>WWW consortium</p> Signup and view all the answers

One major global trend in networking is known as Bring Your Own _____ (BYOD).

<p>Device</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cloud computing offers benefits such as organizational _____ and agility.

<p>flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classic Internet applications from the 1980s include electronic mail and _____ transfer.

<p>file</p> Signup and view all the answers

Networking supports the way we _____ in our daily lives.

<p>communicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Data Communications

The exchange of data between devices using a transmission medium, like wires or cables.

Bandwidth

The amount of data that can be transferred in a certain time.

Attenuation

Signal power loss during transmission.

Broadband

Simultaneous data transmission for higher speed.

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Narrowband

Limited data transmission speed (lower than broadband).

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Protocols

Rules for data communication, including error handling, speed.

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Transmission Medium

The physical pathway for data transmission, like cables or wireless signals.

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Data

Any type of information (text, images, audio, video).

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Simplex Communication

One-way communication; one device sends, the other receives.

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Half-Duplex Communication

Two-way communication, but only one device can send at a time.

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Full-Duplex Communication

Two-way communication; both devices send and receive simultaneously.

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Network

A collection of connected devices (nodes) sharing data.

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Node

A device on a network, capable of sending and/or receiving data.

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Link

The connection between nodes in a network.

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LAN

A network covering a small geographic area (e.g., home, office).

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WAN

A network covering a large geographic area (e.g., internet).

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Transmission Medium Selection

The fundamental choice of communication channel for a business, often internal or long-distance.

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Internal Transmission

A business's choice of communication channels within its own premises for data exchange.

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Long-Distance Carrier

A company that facilitates communication over long distances, often making the choice of the transmission lines.

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Fiber Optic Channels

High-capacity communication lines that are rapidly becoming cost-effective.

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Point-to-Point Connection

A direct link between a single transmitter and receiver.

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Multipoint Connection

A single transmission sent from one sender to multiple receivers.

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Transmission Costs

The expenses associated with data transfer over communication channels.

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Communication Efficiency

Methods improving effectiveness of employing communication channels.

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Multipoint Connection

A network connection where multiple devices share a single communication channel.

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Bus Topology

Network layout where all devices are connected to a single cable (like a bus).

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Ring Topology

Network arranged in a closed loop, where each device connects to two others.

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Star Topology

Network with a central hub that connects all devices.

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RJ-45 Cable

Common type of cable used in network connections.

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Coaxial Cable

Type of cable used in network connections, often used in bus topology.

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Network Topology

The physical or logical layout of devices in a network.

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Data Integrity

Ensuring data arrives correctly ordered and complete.

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Internet Evolution

The internet's development from ARPANET, the first operational packet network, to support interoperability across various communication methods.

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TCP/IP Protocols

Standardized protocols that enable communication between devices on the internet.

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Telcordia

A US organization that coordinates and develops standards for telephone service.

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ETSI

Responsible for telecommunications standards in Europe, mirroring Telcordia's role.

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Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

Organization that oversees the development and implementation of internet strategies and standards.

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Cloud Computing Benefits

Cloud computing offers cost savings, flexibility, and agility in IT operations.

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Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

The trend of using personal devices (like phones and tablets) for work.

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1980s Internet Applications

Four main internet applications of the 1980s including email, newsgroups, remote login and file transfer.

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Star Topology Disadvantages

Requires a central device (hub/switch) for communication, where failure of the central device impacts the entire network, and private messages are not secure due to broadcasting.

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Mesh Topology Advantages

Provides direct connections between all nodes, enabling simultaneous data transfer and point-to-point communication, and less vulnerable to single-node failure.

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Mesh Topology Disadvantages

Complex to set up due to many connections, and adding new devices is difficult because every device needs a connection established with new node.

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Hybrid Topology Description

A combination of different topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring) forming a single network.

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Hybrid Topology Advantages

Flexible, scalable, and easy to adapt to changing requirements.

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Tree Topology Description

A hierarchical network structure resembling a tree, combining features of bus and star topologies.

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Tree Topology Advantages

Easy to add or remove nodes, maintain, and find faults.

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Tree Topology Disadvantages

Complicated design, high cost, and potential issues when a node near the top fails, impacting the entire branch.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Data Communications

  • Data communication is the exchange of data between two or more devices.
  • Data can include text, images, audio, video, and multimedia files.
  • Devices must be capable of sending and receiving data over a communication medium.
  • Examples of devices include personal computers, mobile phones, laptops, etc.

Data Representation

  • Text: ASCII (7-bit pattern, 128 symbols), Extended ASCII (8-bit, more symbols), Unicode (32-bit, numerous symbols).
  • Numbers: Represented by bit patterns (binary).
  • Images: Represented by pixels (picture elements). Pixel size determines resolution.
  • Audio: Represented by a continuous (analog) signal.
  • Video: Can be either analog or digital.

Data Flow

  • Simplex: One-way communication (e.g. television broadcasting).
  • Half-duplex: Two-way communication, but not simultaneous (e.g. walkie-talkie).
  • Full-duplex: Two-way communication, simultaneous (e.g. telephone calls).

Networks

  • Networks are sets of devices (nodes) connected by communication links.
  • Nodes can be computers, printers, or other devices.
  • Links can be cables, air, optical fiber, or other mediums.
  • Two broad categories of networks: LANs (Local Area Networks) and WANs (Wide Area Networks).

Communication Media

  • Selection is a basic business decision for internal versus long-distance communication links.
  • Rapid advances in technology change the mix of technologies used.
  • Fiber optic and wireless technologies are gaining popularity.
  • Transmission costs still influence the choices made.

Physical Structure

  • Type of Connection: Point-to-point (single transmitter/receiver) or multipoint (multiple recipients).
  • Physical Topology: Arrangement of devices in a network (e.g. star, bus, ring, mesh, hybrid).

Switching Techniques

  • Circuit Switching: Establishes a dedicated communication path for the duration of conversation.
  • Packet Switching: Data is divided into small chunks (packets) and sent across the network with no dedicated path.

Protocols

  • Protocols are rules used for communication between active network elements.
  • Protocols define communication formats, timing, and actions on message receipt.

Standard Bodies

  • Organizations that establish and promote standards in data communication.
  • Examples include ISO, ITU, ANSI, IEEE, Telcordia, ETSI, IAB, IETF, IRTF, OMG, WWW consortium.

The Internet

  • The internet evolved from ARPANET, a first operational packet network.
  • It was adapted for tactical radio, satellite nets and needed interoperability, leading to standardized TCP/IP.

Networking Today

  • Networking impacts daily lives in learning, communication, work, and play.
  • The internet of things (IoT) significantly influences how we use the internet today.

Collaboration

  • Collaboration is facilitated by the ability to communicate across different devices.
  • Trends in online collaboration support a range of devices.
  • The rise of ByOD further supports devices used in the process of collaboration.
  • Cloud computing is a trend.
  • Cloud computing offers agility, rapid deployment, lower infrastructure costs, and creation of new business models.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of data communications, including the definition, types of data, and examples of devices involved. It also explores data representation methods for text, numbers, images, audio, and video, as well as data flow types like simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex communications.

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