Introduction to Computers Quiz
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Introduction to Computers Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key feature of Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) architecture?

  • All processors have the same access speed to memory.
  • Memory is accessed uniformly regardless of processor location.
  • Memory is divided into sections with varying access speeds. (correct)
  • Memory access speeds are the same for all processors.

    • Which application is most likely to benefit from Quantum Computing Architecture?

  • Basic web browsing
  • Everyday consumer software
  • Complex problem-solving (correct)
  • Basic data processing tasks

    • What is a historical significance of Parallel Computing Architecture?

  • It is primarily used in personal computers.
  • It focuses solely on single-threaded processing.
  • It was developed in the 1980s for basic applications.
  • It gained prominence in the late 20th century. (correct)

    • Which feature distinguishes Distributed Computing Architecture?

    <p>Processing is distributed across multiple nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    System-on-a-Chip (SoC) architecture primarily integrates which of the following?

    <p>Individual components like CPU, memory, and peripherals into one chip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the Von Neumann architecture?

    <p>It operates on a model where instruction and data share the same memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context is Distributed Computing Architecture most commonly utilized?

    <p>In applications that are resource-intensive and share workloads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Quantum Computing Architecture's computational power?

    <p>It utilizes quantum bits for exponential growth in capability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Current Instruction Register (CIR) in the fetch-execute cycle?

    <p>It decodes the instruction from the MBR/MDR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the results of the executed instruction typically stored?

    <p>In the Accumulator (ACC) or another register</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after the execution of an instruction in the fetch-execute cycle?

    <p>The cycle returns to fetch the next instruction or handles an interrupt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the CPU is primarily responsible for executing the decoded instruction?

    <p>Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the punched card mechanism introduced?

    <p>1801</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Program Counter (PC) do after it fetches the current instruction?

    <p>It increments to point to the next instruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical tool is credited as an early computing device capable of calculations?

    <p>Abacus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Memory Address Register (MAR) in the fetch-execute cycle?

    <p>To indicate the address of the next instruction to fetch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

    <p>To process input data according to instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an input device?

    <p>Monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) within the CPU primarily handle?

    <p>Performing calculations and logic operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is primarily volatile and used for temporary data storage during processing?

    <p>RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component would be considered a peripheral output device?

    <p>Printer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the BIOS play in a computer system?

    <p>It initializes hardware during startup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cable is commonly used for high-speed data transmission?

    <p>Optical cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a fan and heat sink in a computer system?

    <p>To regulate temperature and prevent overheating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the difference in size between third generation computers and second generation computers?

    <p>Third generation computers were smaller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic was NOT true for third generation computers?

    <p>They had higher power consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period is the fourth generation of computers characterized?

    <p>1972 to 2010</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the production costs of fourth generation computers compare to earlier generations?

    <p>Production costs were lower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable technology did fifth generation computers include that was not primarily focused on hardware?

    <p>Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advanced technologies are associated with fifth generation computers?

    <p>Artificial intelligence and Quantum computation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant feature of fourth generation computers regarding heat generation?

    <p>They generated minimal heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the memory capacity of fifth generation computers?

    <p>They had high capability and large memory capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution did the ENIAC make to the field of computing?

    <p>It was the first all-electronic digital computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguished first generation computers from later generations?

    <p>Reliance on vacuum tubes for processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major limitation of the ENIAC in terms of programming?

    <p>It had a limited storage capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did second generation computers improve upon first generation computers?

    <p>They used transistor technology, making them smaller and faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which technology did third generation computers derive their advancements?

    <p>Integrated Circuit technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the I/O mechanisms of the ENIAC?

    <p>It used punched cards for both input and output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What timeframe is associated with the First Generation of computers?

    <p>1940 to 1956</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines the computing power of second generation computers compared to first generation ones?

    <p>They improved computing time and reduced size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Computers

    • A computer is an electronic device that takes input, processes it according to stored instructions, and provides output.
    • Basic functions of a computer include Input (I/P), Process, and Output (O/P).
    • Key components include Input Devices (peripherals), the Central Processing Unit (CPU), and Output Devices.

    System Components

    • Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Track Pad, Scanner, Microphone.
    • Processing Unit: Central Processing Unit (CPU) with Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).
    • Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Projector, Headphones/Speakers.
    • Internal components include the motherboard, BIOS, power supply, cooling systems, hard drive configurations, and internal memory (RAM, ROM, cache).

    Computer Architectures

    • Von Neumann Architecture:

      • A foundational model for computer structure; uses stored-program concept with instruction and data in the same memory.
      • Fetch execute cycle consists of a series of stages: Memory Address Register (MAR) fetches instructions, and decoded instructions are executed by the CPU.

    • Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA):

      • Developed in the 1990s for multiprocessor systems; memory access speed varies based on proximity to the processor.

    • Quantum Computing Architecture:

      • Based on qubits; offers exponential computational power and potential applications in cryptography and complex problem-solving.

    • Parallel Computing Architecture:

      • Involves multiple processors working simultaneously, prevalent in supercomputers.

    • Distributed Computing Architecture:

      • Spreads computations across multiple geographic nodes; commonly used in cloud and grid computing.

    • System-on-a-Chip (SoC) Architecture:

      • Integrates all components into a single chip; widely used in mobile devices.

    Evolution of Computers

    • First Generation (1940-1956): Utilized vacuum tubes; input via punched cards; examples include ENIAC, which had limited storage and required manual program configuration.

    • Second Generation (1956-1963): Introduced transistors; smaller size and reduced computing time compared to the first generation.

    • Third Generation (1963-1971): Used Integrated Circuit technology; smaller size, less power consumption, and easier commercial use.

    • Fourth Generation (1972-2010): Based on microprocessor technology; resulted in drastically smaller and portable machines with improved reliability and cost-effectiveness.

    • Fifth Generation (2010-present): Includes advancements like artificial intelligence and quantum computation; characterized by high capabilities and multitasking ability.

    Recap and Future Learning

    • Upcoming topics will cover operating systems and will feature a presentation segment on any topic discussed in lecture 1.

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    Related Documents

    Lecture 1 - Module info and computer basics.pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the basics of computers, including essential functions, components, and computer architectures. This quiz covers input and output devices, the CPU, and the Von Neumann model. Prepare to explore the fundamental concepts that govern computer systems.

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