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Questions and Answers
Which component of a computer is primarily responsible for processing data?
Which component of a computer is primarily responsible for processing data?
What type of memory is referred to as internal or primary memory?
What type of memory is referred to as internal or primary memory?
Which of the following describes external or secondary memory?
Which of the following describes external or secondary memory?
What is the function of a loader in a computer system?
What is the function of a loader in a computer system?
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Which of the following isNOT considered an application software?
Which of the following isNOT considered an application software?
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What are programs stored in a computer's memory represented as?
What are programs stored in a computer's memory represented as?
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Which part of system software allows user interaction?
Which part of system software allows user interaction?
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What is primarily stored as patterns of binary digits in a computer?
What is primarily stored as patterns of binary digits in a computer?
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What is a syntax error in programming?
What is a syntax error in programming?
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What happens when the Python interpreter encounters a syntax error?
What happens when the Python interpreter encounters a syntax error?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a syntax error?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a syntax error?
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What error is shown when trying to print an incorrectly spelled variable like 'lenth'?
What error is shown when trying to print an incorrectly spelled variable like 'lenth'?
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Which statement about specialized computers is true?
Which statement about specialized computers is true?
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How does software interact with hardware in computing?
How does software interact with hardware in computing?
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What is shown as a result of the statement '3 +' in Python?
What is shown as a result of the statement '3 +' in Python?
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Which describes general-purpose computers?
Which describes general-purpose computers?
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Who invented the Python programming language?
Who invented the Python programming language?
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What is a key feature of Python as a programming language?
What is a key feature of Python as a programming language?
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What is the easiest way to open a Python shell?
What is the easiest way to open a Python shell?
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How can a programmer quit the Python shell?
How can a programmer quit the Python shell?
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What function can be used in Python to force output of a value?
What function can be used in Python to force output of a value?
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In Python, what does the shell primarily accept as input?
In Python, what does the shell primarily accept as input?
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What are typical destinations for output in terminal-based interactive programs?
What are typical destinations for output in terminal-based interactive programs?
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What does the output of the command print('Hi there') display in the Python shell?
What does the output of the command print('Hi there') display in the Python shell?
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What role does the interpreter play in the execution of a Python program?
What role does the interpreter play in the execution of a Python program?
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What is the purpose of the Python shell?
What is the purpose of the Python shell?
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What does IDLE stand for in Python programming?
What does IDLE stand for in Python programming?
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What happens to a Python program when it is executed?
What happens to a Python program when it is executed?
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Which statement best describes syntax in programming languages?
Which statement best describes syntax in programming languages?
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What will happen if you try to convert the string 'abc' using int()?
What will happen if you try to convert the string 'abc' using int()?
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Which function is used to convert a string representing a decimal number into a floating-point number?
Which function is used to convert a string representing a decimal number into a floating-point number?
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What will be the result of the following code: >>> x = input('Enter a number: '); print(x + 10) if x is '5'?
What will be the result of the following code: >>> x = input('Enter a number: '); print(x + 10) if x is '5'?
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When the input function is used, what type of data is always returned?
When the input function is used, what type of data is always returned?
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In the code snippet >>> value = float(input('Enter a number: ')); what type will 'value' be if the user inputs '3.14'?
In the code snippet >>> value = float(input('Enter a number: ')); what type will 'value' be if the user inputs '3.14'?
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What does the int() function do with a string of digits?
What does the int() function do with a string of digits?
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What is the purpose of the input() function in Python?
What is the purpose of the input() function in Python?
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Study Notes
Computer Hardware
- Basic components: Memory, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Input/Output devices.
- Enables communication with the external world via various ports for networks and device connections.
Computer Memory
- Represents and stores information electronically, using binary digits (1s and 0s).
- Random Access Memory (RAM) is internal or primary memory.
- CPU processes data and is also referred to as the processor.
- External or secondary memory types: magnetic, semiconductor, optical.
Computer Software
- Programs stored in memory must be in binary digits or machine code.
- A loader inputs machine language instructions into memory.
- System software includes the operating system, file systems, and user interfaces (terminals, GUIs, touchscreens).
- Application software examples: web browsers, word processors, spreadsheets, graphic design apps, games.
Python Programming
- Invented in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum.
- High-level, general-purpose language for problem-solving on modern computers.
- Resources available at python.org.
Running Code in Python Shell
- Python is interpreted, allowing simple expressions to run in the shell.
- Open a shell by launching IDLE; exit via close box or Control+D.
- Useful for experimenting and consulting documentation.
Input, Processing, and Output
- Programs generally accept inputs, process them, and output results.
- In terminal-based programs, inputs are from keyboard; outputs appear on the terminal display.
- Python allows forcing output with the print function, demonstrating with:
print("Hi there").
Input Processing Example
- Input name from user:
name = input("Enter your name:"). - Result stored as string for further processing.
String Conversion
- The input function builds strings from keystrokes; numeric strings require conversion.
- Type conversion functions include:
int()for integers andfloat()for floating-point numbers.
Sum of Two Numbers Example
- Demonstrates input of integers and their sum:
-
first = int(input("Enter first number: ")) - Produces output like: “The sum is 67”.
-
Common Functions
-
float(): Converts to a floating-point value. -
int(): Converts digit strings to integers. -
input(): Captures string input from users.
Syntax Errors
- Programmers can make syntax errors, which are detected by the Python interpreter.
- Example errors:
- Mistyped variable names (e.g.,
print(lenth)results in a NameError). - Incorrect syntax (e.g., trailing operator like
3 +results in SyntaxError).
- Mistyped variable names (e.g.,
Chapter Summary
- Fundamental concepts include algorithms and information processing.
- Real computing agents consist of CPU, memory, and I/O devices; can be specialized or general-purpose.
- Software enables execution of algorithms on hardware, typically written in programming languages.
Python Language Characteristics
- Python is a high-level language, requiring an interpreter to translate to lower-level forms for execution.
- The Python shell provides command prompts for expression evaluation.
- IDLE helps save and load programs for testing.
- Python scripts are saved programs executed from terminal prompts.
- When executed, Python code translates into bytecode for the Python Virtual Machine (PVM).
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Description
Test your understanding of the basic hardware components of a computer. This quiz covers essential elements such as memory, CPU, and input/output devices. Additionally, you'll learn how computers connect to networks and other external devices.
