Introduction to Computer Science Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of applications (apps)?

  • To perform specific tasks (correct)
  • To run computer hardware
  • To store data permanently
  • To manage operating systems

    • Applications can run on any operating system without any modifications.

    False

    What is an example of a concept discussed in computer science?

  • Home Economics
  • Media Studies
  • Astrology
  • Propositional Logic (correct)

    • What are programming languages used for?

    <p>To communicate instructions to a computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The difference between hardware, firmware, and software is an essential concept in computer science.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Applications provide specific instructions to the hardware to complete your _____ .

    <p>task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Richard Garriott?

    <p>A high school student who took a summer course in computer programming and created a computer game based on Dungeons &amp; Dragons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the programming term with its definition:

    <p>Syntax = The correct ordering of symbols and words in programming commands Machine Language = Set of binary instructions executed by a CPU Programmer = A person who writes software using programming languages Application = Software designed to perform specific tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The basic unit of data in computing is referred to as a __________.

    <p>bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a programming language?

    <p>Java</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following computer science concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Algorithm = A step-by-step procedure for calculations Data Structure = A way to organize and store data Network Topology = The arrangement of different elements in a computer network TCP/IP = A set of communication protocols for the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The order of symbols in programming instructions is not important.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of computer architecture?

    <p>Network-driven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do applications rely on to operate efficiently?

    <p>Specific instructions from the operating system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Binary is a system that utilizes only two states, typically represented as 0 and 1.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TCP/IP stand for?

    <p>Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following units covers algorithms and flowcharts?

    <p>Unit 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propositional logic is covered in Unit 4.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Unit 6?

    <p>Networks and the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary focus of Unit 5 is __________ and Computer Architectures.

    <p>Hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following units with their corresponding main topics:

    <p>Unit 2 = Information Representation Unit 3 = Algorithms and Data Structures Unit 4 = Propositional Logic and Circuit Design Unit 5 = Hardware and Architectures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data structure is not listed in Unit 3?

    <p>Database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The OSI Model is covered in Unit 7.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the subdiscipline of computer science that deals with software development.

    <p>Software Engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-Performance Computing is discussed in Unit ______.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section in Unit 8 discusses the role of computer science?

    <p>8.1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of hexadecimal in computing?

    <p>It has a 1:4 ratio of digits with binary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ASCII is capable of displaying characters from all global alphabets.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two systems mentioned that represent data in binary?

    <p>ASCII and Unicode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A computer stores songs and images in ______.

    <p>binary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of ASCII?

    <p>It cannot represent non-English characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following data representations with their characteristics:

    <p>ASCII = Limited to English characters Unicode = Supports global alphabets Binary = Represents data as 0s and 1s Hexadecimal = More human-readable than binary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does binary representation affect the storage of digital documents?

    <p>It allows all types of data, including text, images, and sounds, to be stored as 0s and 1s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hexadecimal representation takes more space than binary representation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bit size of an int data type in Java?

    <p>32 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A byte can store a maximum of 128 different values.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest value that a float data type can hold in Java?

    <p>3.4028235E38</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To declare a float variable in Java, you would typically use the syntax 'float ______ = 28.73;'

    <p>variableName</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Java data types with their correct size in bits:

    <p>Byte = 8 bits Int = 32 bits Double = 64 bits Float = 32 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows the decimal point in a float to change position?

    <p>Floating point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Java, the variable names 'age', 'Age', and 'AGE' would refer to the same variable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest positive value that a double data type can represent?

    <p>4.9E-324</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assigning significance to binary numbers?

    <p>To make data meaningful beyond its numeric value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All numerical data is stored the same way in computers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of error checking systems in data transmission?

    <p>To detect and correct data corruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In computer programming, information must have a specific data __________.

    <p>type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following data types with their descriptions:

    <p>Integer = Represents whole numbers String = Represents sequences of characters Array = Groups multiple elements together Float = Represents decimal numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method used for error checking during data transmission?

    <p>Acknowledge confirmation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Checksums are used to guarantee the speed of data transmission.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one standard data type used in programming.

    <p>Integer, Float, String, or any other standard data type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Computer Science

    • Course name: Introduction to Computer Science
    • Course code: DLBCSICS01
    • Institution: International University of Applied Sciences
    • Learning objectives are outlined to establish foundational knowledge
    • Computers were initially designed for calculations
    • Data, interpreted as numbers & symbols, is fundamental to computing
    • A computer translates concepts into numbers in a binary system (0s and 1s)
    • Data is stored in memory, and manipulated by the CPU in the process of computation.
    • A computer will frequently translate between human understandable concepts and a purely numerical representation for processing.
    • This translation allows computers to perform tasks humans conduct, e.g. calculations, processing images, etc.

    Basic Concepts of Data Processing

    • Study goals: data, information, computer messaging, the different types of hardware vs firmware vs software, binary representation, programming languages, syntax & semantics, and the history of computers & data processing.
    • Data consists of basic numbers and symbols that form meaningful information for particular analyses.
    • A computer system processes data using the binary numbering system.
    • The binary system consists of 0s and 1s, representing every type of information, including letters, numbers, and symbols.
    • Contextualization is crucial for data, particularly in binary form, which needs to be interpreted and translated to represent meaningful information.
    • The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a code to symbolize alphabetical characters, numbers and punctuation symbols into binary code.

    Information Representation

    • Study goals: understanding the binary system, converting decimal to binary, data storage sizes, graphics/documents/sound data representations in memory, data types (char, string, int, and float), error checking on stored and network data.
    • The decimal system (base 10) uses ten digits for each place value.
    • The binary system (base 2) uses two digits (0 and 1) for each place value.
    • Data storage is measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).
    • Graphics are stored as a series of pixels, each having a binary code representing its color characteristics.
    • Documents, music, and other data are represented using binary digital formats.

    Algorithms and Data Structures

    • Study goals: algorithms, flowcharts, data structures (arrays and stacks), sorting algorithms, and evaluating algorithm quality.
    • Algorithm: a set of rules that describe what steps must be taken to achieve a specific task.
    • Flowcharts are visual representations of algorithms to make them easier to read and follow.
    • Data structure: a way of organizing data that computers use for efficient storage and retrieval.
    • Arrays are used for storing sequences of data of the same type (ex: lists.)
    • Stacks (LIFO: last-in-first-out) hold data elements in a specific order.
    • Sorting algorithms organize data in ascending or descending order. Examples of sorting algorithms include bubble sort, Quicksort or binary insertion sort.
    • Algorithm efficiency is measured using "Big O" notation (ex: O(n²)).

    Propositional Logic, Boolean Algebra, and Circuit Design

    • Study goals: propositional logic, truth tables, conjunctive/disjunctive normal form, digital circuits, and logic gates.
    • Propositional logic is a system for reasoning using statements that are either true or false.
    • Truth tables show possible combinations of true and false valuations for propositions and resulting truth values for logically compounded propositions.
    • Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) involves joining disjunctions with conjunctions.
    • Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) joins conjunctions with disjunctions.
    • Digital circuits utilize logic gates. Examples of logic gates include NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NAND, and NOR.

    Hardware and Computer Architectures

    • Study goals: computer architecture components, processors, memory, input/output, interfacing, and high-performance computing.
    • A basic computer system comprises a processor (CPU) to perform computations, input/output systems for the communication with the outside world and memory stores for storing data.
    • Input/Output (I/O) devices allow interaction between computers and users. (e.g., keyboards, mice, screens, printers).
    • Operating systems allow for a more abstracted operation of the computer hardware.
    • High-performance computing uses a group of networked computers(clusters) to perform complex computations.

    Networks and the Internet

    • Study goals: network topologies, wired/wireless technologies, the internet’s structure, standard internet communication protocols, and the Internet of Things.
    • Network topologies organize network devices. Some examples include ring, mesh, star, and bus topologies.
    • Wired networks utilize physical cables connecting devices.
    • Wireless networks utilize radio waves to connect devices.
    • The internet is a large collection of interconnected networks that communicate via TCP/IP.
    • The internet is organized into layers of functionality from the data (packet) level to the application layer.
    • The Internet of Things (IoT) includes devices connected to the internet that are not directly computers (ex: smart home devices).

    Software

    • Study goals: BIOS, file systems, application software, embedded systems, software development, and the function of an operating system.
    • BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is the initial start-up instructions; hardware to load.
    • File systems organize the data that is stored to be accessed, such as FAT, NTFS, APFS, etc.
    • Applications are programs that serve to execute a specific task.
    • Embedded systems perform certain tasks on a specific device or machine, ex: sensors or actuators.
    • Software life cycle: a series of phases in creating software (ex: requirements, planning, design).
    • The operating system (OS) is crucial software for a computer, that controls hardware, provides the user interface, and runs applications (ex: Windows, macOS).

    Computer Science as a Discipline

    • Study goals: role of computer science in the modern workforce, different job types related to computer science, and the ethics of computer science.
    • Computer science involves programming, design, logic, and other fields that deal with large datasets.
    • Computer scientists design and build applications, or work with algorithms and data structures to develop solutions for real world problems.

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    Description

    This quiz covers fundamental concepts in computer science, including the purpose of applications, programming languages, and data representation. Test your knowledge on essential definitions and theories that form the backbone of computer science. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of the subject.

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