Introduction to Communication
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Questions and Answers

What does Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy primarily focus on?

  • Enhancing emotional influences on communication
  • Identifying and correcting inaccurate thinking (correct)
  • Analyzing the effects of attachment on survival
  • Creating social bonds with caretakers

Which of the following best describes personalization in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy?

  • Attributing personal responsibility for external events (correct)
  • Learning techniques to enhance communication skills
  • Understanding emotional influences on behavior
  • Creating effective bonding strategies with guardians

Which factor is NOT mentioned as a focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy?

  • Implementing social bonding techniques (correct)
  • Identifying inaccurate thinking
  • Addressing psychological challenges
  • Improving emotional regulation

What has been suggested about the drive for attachment among early humans?

<p>It played a significant role in their survival and reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the given scenario, what is the underlying issue being highlighted?

<p>The role of personal labeling in social interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the socio-psychological theory suggest about understanding communication?

<p>It is based on situated knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of communication theories, what does axiological focus on?

<p>The values that inform the creation of a theory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication theory challenges assumptions within its framework?

<p>Critical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of subjective theories?

<p>They are developed to explain social phenomena. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the cybernetic theory of communication?

<p>It involves the flow of information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The socio-cultural perspective on communication emphasizes what aspect?

<p>The production and reproduction of the social order. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive distortions impact which of the following areas?

<p>Emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ontological perspective assumes that phenomena exist independently of our perceptions?

<p>Realist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor influencing whether a person decides to help someone in trouble?

<p>The number of bystanders present (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of communication does the Transmission Model emphasize?

<p>The robotic and computer-like nature of information transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological phenomenon explains the tendency for individuals to fail to act in emergency situations when others are present?

<p>Diffusion of Responsibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas investigates communication processes among non-humans?

<p>Biocommunication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately defines a social experiment?

<p>An experiment that studies human behavior in a social context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in the study of communication after World War II?

<p>It was fully recognized as a legitimate social science. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Edward Thorndike investigate in his social psychology work?

<p>How single traits affect global evaluations of other people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Constructionist View of communication focus on?

<p>The social and emotional context of human interactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Halo Effect' in social psychology?

<p>Making evaluations based solely on one positive trait (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach sees communication as simply bits of information in an electronic stream?

<p>Transmission Model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might participants typically be involved in social experiments?

<p>In a controlled situation to study their responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do communication frames play in interactions?

<p>They establish boundaries within certain contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best summarizes the concept of social psychology?

<p>The study of human behavior in social contexts and group influences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of code used in communication?

<p>Hierarchical codes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is communication viewed from a social-constructionist perspective?

<p>As a process where meaning is created through social interaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which context is it important to consider the audience's needs?

<p>Job interviews and presentations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of social psychology, what is the primary focus of studying the bystander effect?

<p>To explore how the presence of others affects personal responsibility and action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do social constructionists suggest about human communication?

<p>It can lead to habitual negative emotional responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'biocommunication'?

<p>The analysis of communicative processes in living organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can non-verbal communication influence interactions?

<p>It can express thoughts and emotions without words. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may hinder effective interpersonal communication?

<p>Lack of empathy and poor listening skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a relational context in communication?

<p>A family gathering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the situation context refer to in communication?

<p>The physical location and social norms affecting dialogue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is flexibility important in the communication process?

<p>It enables adaptation to different contexts and audiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the positive evaluation of another person referred to?

<p>Liking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the emotion we feel when we perceive we have been wronged?

<p>Anger (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does emotional intelligence (EI) involve?

<p>Recognizing one’s feelings and those of others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which emotion is associated with feeling you are better than someone else?

<p>Contempt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of disorder involves an atypical production of speech sounds?

<p>Articulation disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotion occurs as a reaction to something offensive?

<p>Disgust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fluency disorder characterized by?

<p>An interruption in the flow of speaking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these emotions is NOT considered a hostile emotion?

<p>Joy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Communication Types

Communication can be physical, relational, visual, spatial, physiological, and psychological. It encompasses various aspects, including the way we interact with each other, the relationships we build, and the impact these relationships have on our communication.

Context Matters

The context of communication is crucial. It shapes the meaning and effectiveness of our message.

Appropriate Communication

The communication method needs to be appropriate for the context to ensure effective communication and understanding.

Communication Frames

Frames are cultural assumptions and expectations that influence our communication in specific situations.

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Communication Flexibility

Flexibility in applying communication skills is essential for navigating different contexts and audiences.

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Audience Perspective

The audience's perspective influences communication. It's important to consider their background and understanding.

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Communication Codes

Verbal and nonverbal codes, including language, body language, and symbols, convey meaning in communication.

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Communication Situation

The environment and setting where communication takes place, including physical and social factors, influence the interaction.

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Biocommunication

The study of communication within non-human systems, like bacteria, animals, plants, and fungi.

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Information Theory

A mathematical way to model communication within and between groups or systems.

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Transmission Model

The idea that communication is a process of sending and receiving messages, similar to a machine.

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Constructionist View

This view suggests that communication is more complex than just sending messages, influenced by context and the people involved.

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Semiotics

The study of how signs and symbols convey meaning in communication.

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Communication Theory

A system of ideas and principles that explain how communication works.

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Nonverbal Communication

Communication that happens through physical actions, like gestures, facial expressions, or touch.

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Communication as a Complex System

The idea that communication is not just words but also includes our thoughts, feelings, and cultural background.

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Bystander Effect

A phenomenon in which people are less likely to help someone in need if there are other people present. The presence of others diffuses the responsibility to act.

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Halo Effect

The tendency to rate a person favorably on multiple traits based on a single positive trait. If someone is perceived as smart, they might be considered more trustworthy, attractive, and dependable.

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Social Psychology Experiment

The process of observing and analyzing human behavior in social settings. It's not about manipulating people, but understanding how they interact and why.

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Diffusion of Responsibility

The principle that suggests we are more likely to help someone if we are the only one present, but less likely to help if others are also around. The responsibility to act seems to be shared with others, leading to inaction.

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Social Psychology

Research focused on understanding how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts. It explores our influences, interactions, and attitudes within groups.

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Judging a Book by its Cover

The tendency to judge a person based on their appearance, occupation, or other superficial factors, rather than their true character or abilities.

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What is an example of a social experiment?

A scientific experiment designed to study human behavior in a social environment. It aims to understand how people react and interact with each other in various situations.

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What defines a social experiment?

Research strategies that explore how a person's emotions, thoughts, and actions are influenced by the presence of others.

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Ontology in Communication Theory

Examines what is being studied, considering it as a real, concrete entity (realist), a name for a concept (nominalist), or a socially constructed idea (social constructionist).

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Epistemology in Communication Theory

Focuses on how we know what we know, considering whether knowledge is objective and verifiable (positivist), subjective and personal (interpretivist), or a combination of both.

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Axiology in Communication Theory

Examines the values that drive a theorist's approach, considering whether knowledge should be value-neutral, subjective, or aimed at social change.

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Cybernetic Communication Theory

The focus of this theory is on information flow, which is seen as a key element of communication and interaction.

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Socio-psychological Communication Theory

Communication is viewed as an interaction between individuals, shaped by their social context, and is influenced by their personal backgrounds, experiences, and beliefs.

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Socio-cultural Communication Theory

This theory emphasizes the role communication plays in creating and maintaining social order, highlighting how shared meanings and values shape our interactions.

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Critical Communication Theory

This theory challenges assumptions and power dynamics in communication, emphasizing critical thinking and social responsibility.

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What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that aims to help people identify and change their negative thoughts and behaviors that contribute to their problems. It focuses on the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

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What is personalization in CBT?

A technique used in CBT, personalization involves blaming oneself for everything that goes wrong, even if it was not within our control. This can lead to feelings of guilt, shame, and helplessness.

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How does communication help express emotions?

A type of communication that helps express emotions in a healthy way. It involves being aware of your own feelings and expressing them clearly, directly, and respectfully. This strengthens relationships and promotes understanding.

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What is attachment and how is it formed?

Attachment is the emotional bond between a child and its primary caregiver. This bond is crucial for a child's emotional and social development. It is formed through a natural instinct present from birth, ensuring safety and security.

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How does evolution influence attachment?

Evolution plays a role in attachment. Humans naturally seek strong bonds with loved ones because those with stronger attachments were more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on these traits to future generations.

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What is Emotional Intelligence?

The ability to understand and manage your own emotions, as well as those of others.

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What is Anger?

A feeling of anger arises when you perceive that you have been wronged or treated unfairly.

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What is Contempt?

Contempt is a feeling of superiority over someone else, often accompanied by a sense of disdain or disrespect.

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What is Disgust?

Disgust is a feeling of revulsion or aversion towards something that is considered offensive or repulsive.

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What is Jealousy?

Jealousy is a feeling of envy or resentment towards someone who has something you want, especially a possession or a romantic partner.

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What is Envy?

Envy is a feeling of longing or covetousness for something that someone else has.

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What is Liking?

The positive evaluation of another person, usually accompanied by enjoyment of their company.

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What are Communication Skills?

The ability to express yourself effectively through the use of language, both verbal and nonverbal.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Communication

  • Communication is a transactional process using symbols to create meaning
  • Communication is symbolic, representing something else (e.g., symbols, signs, objects)
  • Communication is cultural, inseparable from culture
  • Communication is relational, affecting and being affected by relationships
  • Communication involves frames, cultural assumptions within contexts

Components of Communication

  • People: Sources and receivers, influenced by gender, culture, race
  • Message: Words, sounds, actions; can be verbal or non-verbal
  • Code: Systematic arrangement of symbols, includes verbal and non-verbal codes
  • Channel: The method of message delivery, e.g., airwaves, soundwaves
  • Feedback: Speaker response, can be positive/negative, immediate/delayed
  • Encoding/Decoding: Translating thoughts into codes and interpreting them
  • Noise: Interference, disrupting message clarity (physical, visual, spatial, physiological, psychological)
  • Situation: Context and relationships influencing communication

Communication Principles

  • Communication starts with self-perception and others' perceptions
  • Communication involves others' understanding and perceptions
  • Communication has content and relational dimensions
  • Communication involves choices of language, channels, and relationships
  • Communication is complicated, influenced by verbal and non-verbal aspects, and channels
  • Communication quantity does not equal quality
  • Communication is pervasive, constantly occurring
  • Communication cannot be reversed

Communication Concepts

  • Intrapersonal Communication: Internal dialogue, messages to oneself
  • Interpersonal Communication: Meaning between 2+ people
  • Public Communication: One speaker to many physical receivers
  • Mass Communication: One speaker to many unseen receivers
  • Digitally Mediated Communication: Communication through technology (e.g., email, social media)

Social Experiments

  • Experiments explore social behaviors in various contexts (e.g., Robbers Cave, Violinist in the Metro)
  • Social experiments often use confederates (actors) to create specific situations
  • Results reveal insights into social psychology (e.g., how groups interact, the effects of perceptions)

Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT)

  • CBT emphasizes the link between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
  • Cognitive distortions (e.g., arbitrary inference, selective abstraction) are inaccurate interpretations that impact negatively
  • CBT techniques involve challenging negative thoughts and developing positive coping strategies

Communication Disorders

  • Communication disorders affect speech, language, or hearing
  • Speech disorders relate to the articulation, fluency, or voice
  • Language disorders involve issues with understanding or using language
  • Hearing disorders affect the ability to perceive sounds

Emotions and Feelings

  • Emotions are physical reactions to stimuli (e.g., physiological responses)
  • Feelings are cognitive experiences of emotions (e.g., interpretations)
  • Emotions include joyful/affectionate, hostile, and sad categories
  • Attachment theory explores the development of emotional responses with caregivers

Attachment Styles

  • Attachment styles (e.g., secure, anxious, avoidant) influence relationships

Definitions

  • Communication: The process of exchanging information, thoughts, and feelings among entities
  • Intrapersonal: Processes within oneself
  • Interpersonal: Processes between two or more people
  • Mass: Process between one to many, non-physical receivers

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Related Documents

Psychology of Communication: Introduction to Communication PDF

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of communication, highlighting its nature as a transactional process and its components. Delve into how communication is influenced by culture, relationships, and various symbolic codes. Test your understanding of the elements that contribute to effective communication.

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