Introduction to Cancer: Mechanisms of Unregulated Cell Growth

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What is the main focus of the learning objectives for this session?

Understanding the effect of cancer on patients

Understanding normal cell growth

Understanding the molecular biology of cancer (correct)

Understanding the mechanisms of cell division

What is the characteristic of normal cell growth mentioned in the lecture?

Irregular and sporadic

Rapid and uncontrolled

Dependent on external factors

Slow and tightly regulated (correct)

What happens when cells stop dividing according to the lecture?

They form a growing mass of cancer cells

The need for new cells is met (correct)

They enter the cell cycle

They undergo rapid uncontrolled growth

What is the key difference between normal cells and cancer cells mentioned in the lecture?

Cancer cells have errors in signaling the end of cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the main topic of Lecture 3 according to the provided information?

Molecular Biology of Cancer I Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokinesis in the context of cancer, based on the lecture?

Signaling the end of cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can regulate cell divisions?

Intracellular temperature Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells do not divide or differentiate unless stimulated by environmental stimuli or growth factors?

Normal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of growth factors in the regulation of the cell cycle?

Stimulating cell proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factor is used for the treatment of anemia of renal disease?

Erythropoietin (EPO) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cancer cells in relation to growth factors?

They have constitutive activation of receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factor receptor is associated with breast cancer as a prognostic marker when overexpressed?

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor Signup and view all the answers

What mechanisms lead to growth factor overproduction in tumors?

Mechanisms that are not clear Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the mechanisms by which a normal cell may limit proliferation?

Inducing stem cells to undergo terminal differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to quiescent cells when they are stimulated to return to the cell cycle at G1 by environmental cues?

They continue proliferating Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of differentiated cells?

They have reached their final specialized form Signup and view all the answers

What happens when tissue induces stem cells to enter post-mitotic differentiation?

Tissue loses its pool of replicating cells Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to tumor formation according to the information provided?

Mutations compromising a cell's ability to carry out apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of all cancers?

Unregulated cell growth Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?

They have reduced sensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the multistep process that cancer requires to reach the tumour state?

Four to six different mutations Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when too many cells are produced in normal tissues?

The rate of apoptosis will increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of growth factors in normal cell growth?

Stimulate growth and differentiation of cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cancer cells with defects in their cell death machinery?

They do not undergo apoptosis and favor cell division Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells?

Reduced requirement for growth factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the balance between in normal tissues that ensures tissue mass maintenance?

Balance between cell division and apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cancer cells' growth properties related to physical substrate attachment?

They have no specific requirement for attachment to grow Signup and view all the answers

What do cancer cells do when they contact a neighboring cell?

Do not stop dividing Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cancer cells' chromosomal aberrations?

They often have changes in chromosome number and structure Signup and view all the answers