Understanding Neoplasia and Cell Growth

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What theory postulates that an accumulation of mutations in the cell leads to a neoplastic state?

Sporadic mutation theory

Germ-line mutation theory

Somatic mutation theory (correct)

Epigenetic mutation theory

Which type of viruses are directly implicated in tumor growth, such as leukemia?

Retroviruses

C-type DNA viruses

Bacteriophages

C-type RNA viruses (correct)

In children, where do tumors most frequently occur according to the text?

Organs exposed to the environment

Kidney, brain, and abdomen

Organs unexposed to the environment (correct)

Bladder and lung

What may occur if a tumor is growing rapidly and taking nutrients from normal cells?

Cachexia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms might not be perceived as important by parents when related to cancer in children?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with Wilm tumor according to the text?

EBV Signup and view all the answers

How does radiation therapy primarily inhibit cell division and growth?

By changing the DNA component of the cell's nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which cancer treatment measure is NOT part of the TNM System?

Chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequently encountered systemic effect of radiation therapy?

Radiation sickness (anorexia, nausea, vomiting) Signup and view all the answers

When is chemotherapy typically scheduled?

At intervals that increase the ability to destroy malignant cells throughout the cell cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is NOT suitable for classification using the TNM System?

Leukemias Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a chemotherapeutic agent?

Destroy malignant cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of cancerous tissue in terms of growth regulation?

It grows in a disorderly and chaotic manner Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between normal cells and neoplastic cells in terms of growth?

Neoplastic cells do not respond to growth-control mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

How does a benign tumor cause harm to the body, despite its limited growth?

By pressing on adjacent tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible causes of neoplastic growth in adults?

Exposure to chemical irritants and cigarette smoke Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'neoplasm' mean in the context of tissue growth?

Abnormal tissue growth that does not respond to normal growth-control mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What should parents be cautious about while children are receiving chemotherapy?

Administering NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Malignant tumors are characterized by unlimited growth Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin supplement could potentially interfere with the effectiveness of methotrexate in a child undergoing chemotherapy?

Folic acid Signup and view all the answers

When might Zoster immune globulin be administered to a child undergoing chemotherapy?

If the child has not been immunized against chickenpox Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of frank discussions about body changes during chemotherapy for both children and their parents?

To maintain self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

In stem cell transplantation, what type of transplant involves using the child's own cord blood preserved since birth?

Autologous transplant Signup and view all the answers

How do immune cells in transplanted marrow contribute to the treatment of cancer in stem cell transplantation?

They help kill remaining cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What does tumor staging help the health care team do in the context of malignant tumors?

Design an effective treatment program and establish an accurate prognosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of biopsy is frequently used with children and is typically done with only local anesthesia?

Bone marrow aspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of assessing a child's height and weight during a physical examination when there is suspicion of malignancy?

To assess nutritional status and overall health Signup and view all the answers

What does Stage III mean in the context of tumor staging?

Cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic procedure is NOT typically used to confirm a diagnosis of a malignant tumor in children?

Computed tomography (CT) scan Signup and view all the answers

How does a Stage IV tumor differ from a Stage III tumor in the context of tumor staging?

A Stage IV tumor has extended beyond the original site or has spread systemically, while a Stage III tumor has spread to local lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers