Understanding Neoplasia and Cell Growth

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Questions and Answers

What theory postulates that an accumulation of mutations in the cell leads to a neoplastic state?

  • Sporadic mutation theory
  • Germ-line mutation theory
  • Somatic mutation theory (correct)
  • Epigenetic mutation theory

Which type of viruses are directly implicated in tumor growth, such as leukemia?

  • Retroviruses
  • C-type DNA viruses
  • Bacteriophages
  • C-type RNA viruses (correct)

In children, where do tumors most frequently occur according to the text?

  • Organs exposed to the environment
  • Kidney, brain, and abdomen
  • Organs unexposed to the environment (correct)
  • Bladder and lung

What may occur if a tumor is growing rapidly and taking nutrients from normal cells?

<p>Cachexia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms might not be perceived as important by parents when related to cancer in children?

<p>Fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with Wilm tumor according to the text?

<p>EBV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does radiation therapy primarily inhibit cell division and growth?

<p>By changing the DNA component of the cell's nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cancer treatment measure is NOT part of the TNM System?

<p>Chemotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequently encountered systemic effect of radiation therapy?

<p>Radiation sickness (anorexia, nausea, vomiting) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is chemotherapy typically scheduled?

<p>At intervals that increase the ability to destroy malignant cells throughout the cell cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is NOT suitable for classification using the TNM System?

<p>Leukemias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a chemotherapeutic agent?

<p>Destroy malignant cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of cancerous tissue in terms of growth regulation?

<p>It grows in a disorderly and chaotic manner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between normal cells and neoplastic cells in terms of growth?

<p>Neoplastic cells do not respond to growth-control mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a benign tumor cause harm to the body, despite its limited growth?

<p>By pressing on adjacent tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible causes of neoplastic growth in adults?

<p>Exposure to chemical irritants and cigarette smoke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'neoplasm' mean in the context of tissue growth?

<p>Abnormal tissue growth that does not respond to normal growth-control mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should parents be cautious about while children are receiving chemotherapy?

<p>Administering NSAIDs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Malignant tumors are characterized by unlimited growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin supplement could potentially interfere with the effectiveness of methotrexate in a child undergoing chemotherapy?

<p>Folic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might Zoster immune globulin be administered to a child undergoing chemotherapy?

<p>If the child has not been immunized against chickenpox (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of frank discussions about body changes during chemotherapy for both children and their parents?

<p>To maintain self-esteem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In stem cell transplantation, what type of transplant involves using the child's own cord blood preserved since birth?

<p>Autologous transplant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do immune cells in transplanted marrow contribute to the treatment of cancer in stem cell transplantation?

<p>They help kill remaining cancer cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does tumor staging help the health care team do in the context of malignant tumors?

<p>Design an effective treatment program and establish an accurate prognosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of biopsy is frequently used with children and is typically done with only local anesthesia?

<p>Bone marrow aspiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of assessing a child's height and weight during a physical examination when there is suspicion of malignancy?

<p>To assess nutritional status and overall health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Stage III mean in the context of tumor staging?

<p>Cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic procedure is NOT typically used to confirm a diagnosis of a malignant tumor in children?

<p>Computed tomography (CT) scan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a Stage IV tumor differ from a Stage III tumor in the context of tumor staging?

<p>A Stage IV tumor has extended beyond the original site or has spread systemically, while a Stage III tumor has spread to local lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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