Understanding Neoplasia and Cell Growth
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Questions and Answers

What theory postulates that an accumulation of mutations in the cell leads to a neoplastic state?

  • Sporadic mutation theory
  • Germ-line mutation theory
  • Somatic mutation theory (correct)
  • Epigenetic mutation theory
  • Which type of viruses are directly implicated in tumor growth, such as leukemia?

  • Retroviruses
  • C-type DNA viruses
  • Bacteriophages
  • C-type RNA viruses (correct)
  • In children, where do tumors most frequently occur according to the text?

  • Organs exposed to the environment
  • Kidney, brain, and abdomen
  • Organs unexposed to the environment (correct)
  • Bladder and lung
  • What may occur if a tumor is growing rapidly and taking nutrients from normal cells?

    <p>Cachexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms might not be perceived as important by parents when related to cancer in children?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Wilm tumor according to the text?

    <p>EBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does radiation therapy primarily inhibit cell division and growth?

    <p>By changing the DNA component of the cell's nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer treatment measure is NOT part of the TNM System?

    <p>Chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most frequently encountered systemic effect of radiation therapy?

    <p>Radiation sickness (anorexia, nausea, vomiting)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is chemotherapy typically scheduled?

    <p>At intervals that increase the ability to destroy malignant cells throughout the cell cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is NOT suitable for classification using the TNM System?

    <p>Leukemias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a chemotherapeutic agent?

    <p>Destroy malignant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of cancerous tissue in terms of growth regulation?

    <p>It grows in a disorderly and chaotic manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between normal cells and neoplastic cells in terms of growth?

    <p>Neoplastic cells do not respond to growth-control mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a benign tumor cause harm to the body, despite its limited growth?

    <p>By pressing on adjacent tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some possible causes of neoplastic growth in adults?

    <p>Exposure to chemical irritants and cigarette smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'neoplasm' mean in the context of tissue growth?

    <p>Abnormal tissue growth that does not respond to normal growth-control mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should parents be cautious about while children are receiving chemotherapy?

    <p>Administering NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors?

    <p>Malignant tumors are characterized by unlimited growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin supplement could potentially interfere with the effectiveness of methotrexate in a child undergoing chemotherapy?

    <p>Folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might Zoster immune globulin be administered to a child undergoing chemotherapy?

    <p>If the child has not been immunized against chickenpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of frank discussions about body changes during chemotherapy for both children and their parents?

    <p>To maintain self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In stem cell transplantation, what type of transplant involves using the child's own cord blood preserved since birth?

    <p>Autologous transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do immune cells in transplanted marrow contribute to the treatment of cancer in stem cell transplantation?

    <p>They help kill remaining cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does tumor staging help the health care team do in the context of malignant tumors?

    <p>Design an effective treatment program and establish an accurate prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of biopsy is frequently used with children and is typically done with only local anesthesia?

    <p>Bone marrow aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of assessing a child's height and weight during a physical examination when there is suspicion of malignancy?

    <p>To assess nutritional status and overall health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Stage III mean in the context of tumor staging?

    <p>Cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic procedure is NOT typically used to confirm a diagnosis of a malignant tumor in children?

    <p>Computed tomography (CT) scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a Stage IV tumor differ from a Stage III tumor in the context of tumor staging?

    <p>A Stage IV tumor has extended beyond the original site or has spread systemically, while a Stage III tumor has spread to local lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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