Introduction to Building Technology EMS 417
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a building according to its definition?

  • To support various activities indoors
  • To minimize construction costs
  • To maximize aesthetic appeal
  • To provide shelter to its occupants (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a requirement a building must fulfill?

  • Be aesthetically pleasing (correct)
  • Be durable
  • Be fire-resistant
  • Be stable

What part of the building is referred to as the substructure?

  • The part constructed below ground level (correct)
  • The walls and roof
  • The components above ground level
  • Any structural elements supporting the building above

Which components are part of the superstructure?

<p>Support beams and roofs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the substructure play in a building's design?

<p>Transfers loads to the ground (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the components of the substructure?

<p>Made up of elements like foundations and piers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a building's durability?

<p>Longevity and resistance to wear and tear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these does NOT contribute to the safety of building occupants?

<p>Aesthetically pleasing designs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using scales in drawing?

<p>To plot dimensions and scale finished drawings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following paper sizes corresponds to A2?

<p>420 x 594 mm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended feature of architectural lettering?

<p>Consistent font and case (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hatching method is preferred for material representation in drawings?

<p>Employing hatching techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about tracing paper is true?

<p>It can have either a smooth or matt surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a balanced layout in a drawing?

<p>Logical and neat arrangement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of skipping spaces between rows of letters in architectural lettering?

<p>It enhances legibility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should one use capital letters in architectural lettering?

<p>For all text in the drawing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using nationally recognized hatchings in drawings?

<p>To enable uniformity in the presentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of line is specifically referred to as the 'outlines' of an object?

<p>Visible lines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do construction lines and guide lines represent in technical drawings?

<p>Light, easily erased lines used for layout (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'line weight' refer to in technical drawing?

<p>The thickness of the line (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of line is typically used for dimension lines and reference grids?

<p>Thin lines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of visible lines in technical drawings?

<p>They have a heavy or thick weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should dimensions be drawn in technical drawings?

<p>In positions that avoid confusion with other information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lines are not typically used to represent primary functional elements in a drawing?

<p>Thin lines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a building's substructure?

<p>To provide support and load transfer for the structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional requirement ensures a building's ability to protect against fire hazards?

<p>Fire resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does thermal insulation affect the comfort of building occupants?

<p>By storing heat within building materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of circulation elements in a building?

<p>To facilitate movement within the building (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a building is responsible for providing HVAC services?

<p>Service components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of functional requirements relates to the building's performance throughout its use?

<p>Sustainability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the aim of weather resistance in a building?

<p>To provide shelter from external climate effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element of sound insulation within a building?

<p>Mitigating external noise impact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using a scale in drawings?

<p>To get the correct measurement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a scale of 1:100 indicate?

<p>1 centimeter on paper represents 100 centimeters in reality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a reduced scale?

<p>1:500 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scale would be used to enlarge an object for detailed viewing?

<p>1:10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens as the scale number increases, like from 1:50 to 1:100?

<p>The representation becomes smaller (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a drawing where 1 inch on the paper equals 1 foot in reality, what scale is being used?

<p>1:12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a drawing uses a scale of 1:200, how does it represent the size of the object?

<p>It shows a smaller version of a large object (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using a smaller scale when drawing an object?

<p>It allows larger objects to be depicted. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary purpose of working drawings in a building project?

<p>To serve as the basic documents for construction on site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component typically included in working drawings?

<p>Presentations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does building drawing mainly assist in communication?

<p>By allowing easier explanation of building details through visuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant benefit of maintaining maximum uniformity in building drawings?

<p>It promotes clarity and consistency in communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT typically considered a general aspect of drawings?

<p>Market value assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of obtaining planning and building control approval, what do working drawings provide?

<p>A comprehensive guide for adherence to regulations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of projection is primarily used in working drawings for showing plans, sections, and elevations?

<p>Orthographic projection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do specifications serve in a building project as related to working drawings?

<p>They detail the standard of workmanship and materials required (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Building Technology

The science and art of designing and constructing buildings.

Substructure

The part of a building below ground level, supporting the building's upper parts.

Superstructure

The part of a building above ground level, transferring loads to the substructure.

Building Function

A building must provide shelter, protection from weather, and support activities.

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Substructure components

Includes footings, piles, piers, and abutments, forming the foundation.

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Superstructure components

Includes structural elements like columns, beams, slabs, walls, and roof.

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Building stability

A building needs to be sturdy and resistant to failure or damage.

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Building durability

The ability of a building to withstand wear and tear over time.

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Architectural Scales

Used to plot dimensions before drawing and to scale finished drawings.

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Drawing Paper Types

Cartridge paper (general use) and handmade paper (fine detail/color).

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Tracing Paper

Smooth or matte surface used for ink or pencil drawings; available in rolls or sheets.

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Drawing Paper Sizes

Standard sizes like A0, A1, A2, A3, & A4; measured in millimeters.

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Drawing Layout

Logical and neat arrangement of drawing elements (filing margin, title, etc.) for a well-organized presentation.

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Architectural Lettering

Single-stroke, vertical, capital Gothic lettering for clear communication in architectural drawings.

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Graphic Symbols in Drawings

Materials in sections or plans represented by hatching or patterns; better than coloring.

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Essential Lettering Features

Legible, consistent font size, evenly spaced, all uppercase, and black.

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Technical Drawing Lines

Lines used in technical drawings to convey specific information to designers and manufacturers. Different line types and weights carry precise meanings.

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Construction Lines

Light, easily erasable lines used for layout and guidance in technical drawings.

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Visible Lines

Solid, thick lines representing the outlines of objects in a technical drawing.

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Line Weight

The thickness of a line, used to distinguish different types of information in technical drawings.

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Line Types

Different types of lines in technical drawings conveying different information (e.g., construction lines, visible lines, hidden lines).

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Line Quality

The characteristics of lines, including their consistency, sharpness, and smoothness, that affect their readability and meaning in technical drawings.

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Dimensions in Drawings

Measurements clearly marked and placed strategically on drawings to avoid conflicts with other information.

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Line Weight Categories

Technical drawings use varying line thicknesses – thick (primary elements), medium (secondary elements), thin (reference elements) – to convey different levels of detail.

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Building Element: Door

A movable opening in a wall that provides access and can be sealed for security or weather protection.

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Building Element: Window

A framed opening in a wall that lets in light and can be opened for ventilation.

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Building Element: Basement

A lower level of a building partially or fully below ground level, offering additional living space or utility storage.

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Functional Requirement: Sustainability

The practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings in an environmentally responsible way.

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Functional Requirement: Strength & Stability

A building must be strong enough to withstand loads and stable enough to transfer them safely to the ground.

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Functional Requirement: Weather Resistance

A building must withstand the elements like rain, wind, and sun without damage.

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Functional Requirement: Fire Resistance

A building must be designed to resist fire and allow for the safe evacuation of occupants in case of fire.

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Functional Requirement: Thermal Insulation

A building must have adequate insulation to maintain a comfortable temperature inside regardless of the external temperature.

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Scale in Drawings

The ratio between the size of an object represented in a drawing and its actual size.

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Purpose of Scale

Scale helps to accurately represent objects in drawings, enabling measurements and understanding of real-world dimensions.

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Metric Scale

A scale using metric units, such as millimeters (mm) for measurements on the drawing and meters (m) for real-world dimensions.

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Imperial Scale

A scale using imperial units, such as inches (in) for drawing measurements and feet (ft) for actual object dimensions.

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Scale Notation

The way scale is written, representing the relationship between the drawing and the real world.

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Reading a Scale

Understanding the relationship between the drawing's measurements and the real-world dimensions based on the specified scale.

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Reduced Scale

A scale where the object is represented smaller than its actual size in the drawing.

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Enlarged Scale

A scale where the object is represented larger than its actual size in the drawing.

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Building drawing purpose

Building drawings serve as communication tools, helping explain details and ensure consistent construction across projects.

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Drawing instruments

Tools used for creating building drawings include pencils, rulers, compasses, protractors, and T-squares.

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What are working drawings?

A comprehensive set of drawings used in a building project that includes plans, sections, and elevations.

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Orthographic projection

A method of representing 3D objects in 2D, where objects are projected onto flat planes with parallel lines.

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Plan drawing

A top-view representation of a building, showing the layout of spaces and rooms.

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Elevation drawing

A side view of a building, showing the exterior walls and how they rise from the ground.

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Section drawing

A drawing that cuts through a building to reveal its interior construction and details.

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Title block

A standardized area on a drawing sheet containing essential information, such as project name, date, scale, and designer's name.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Building Technology

  • This course, EMS 417 Building Technology, has a first topic introducing Building Technology.
  • The lecturer is PN. Siti Nur Farhana AB Latif, from the Studies of Real Estate at the College of Built Environment, UITM.
  • The course includes sections on introduction, parts of building & building elements, functional requirements of a building, the building team, building drawings, and references.
  • A building is defined as an assembly of materials and components joined together for shelter and protection from weather.
  • Key features of shelter include enclosure for activities, protection from weather.

Building Elements

  • Substructure includes foundations and basements.
  • Superstructure includes walls, floors, roofs, doors, windows.
  • Service components include HVAC, plumbing, electrical systems, and elevators.
  • External features include facades, cladding and landscaping.
  • Circulation elements include staircases, ramps, corridors, and lifts.
  • Building elements comprise an array of components like roof, building services, ceiling finishing, columns/pillars, doors, window and plinth.

Functional Requirements

  • Sustainability: encompassing the design, construction, and performance of the building throughout its lifecycle.
  • Strength and stability: The building must be able to support the imposed loads and transfer them to the ground safely.
  • Weather resistance: Must withstand external climate including water penetration/rising dampness.
  • Fire resistance: Must withstand internal and external fire effects, to allow safe evacuation for occupants.
  • Thermal insulation: Ensuring thermal comfort for occupants by mitigating heat gain/loss.
  • Sound insulation: Prevent external noise and noise within the building from affecting the environment.
  • Durability: Building components must be sufficient durability, ease of maintenance, and easy repair.
  • Appearance: Materials and components that are visible must appeal to the aesthetics.
  • Quality: Performance of material and component considering its function.

Building Team

  • Client: Could be a private individual or a commercial organization.
  • Design team: responsible for the overall layout and appearance of the building (consists of architect, structural engineer, quantity surveyor and clerk of work).
  • Contractors team: the builders responsible for constructing the building (consists of main contractor, subcontractors, estimators, surveyors, contract supervisors, site agents, general foremen, trades foremen, apprentices and labourers).
  • Building Material suppliers: the manufacturers and merchants who supply the needed materials.
  • Regulators: Responsible for protecting the public and construction workers. (involves the building inspectors and planners).

Working Drawings

  • A comprehensive set of drawings for construction projects.
  • Created using orthographic projection (plans, sections and elevations)
  • Forms an efficient approach to communicate designer's requirements to and assist the contractor, in construction work on site.
  • Provides specific information for designers, manufacturers, etc., which aids in clarity and consistency.
  • Various purpose: Obtain planning approval, preparing specifications, preparing bills of quantities,preparing tender estimates.
  • Components: Plans, Elevations, Sections, Building elements and features are included.
  • Drawings formats and typical sizes include A0, A1, A2, A3, and A4

Drawing Instruments and Materials

  • Compasses (Beam, Spring bow)
  • Pens (ruling, freehand)
  • Drawing ink (black and waterproof)
  • Stencils (for headings)
  • Pencils (various grades)
  • Erasers (rubber based)
  • Drawing boards (various sizes A2, A1, AO)
  • Tea squares (for creating horizontal lines)
  • Set squares (for vertical or inclined lines)
  • French curves (for curved lines)
  • Scales
  • Drawing paper (cartridge & handmade paper)
  • Tracing paper
  • Different types of drawing instruments and materials (drawing ink, pencils (HB, B grades), rulers for measurement, various types of compasses (e.g. spring bows, beam compasses).)
  • Drawing board and their dimensions (e.g., A0, A1, A2, A3, A4).
  • Different types of drawing paper and its applications.
  • Other materials including masking tape, blade, scalpel, templates.

Layout & Presentation of Drawings

  • Drawings organized logically and neatly with a balanced layout.
  • Includes filing margin, title blocks, information panels
  • Provides a consistent format for all drawings.
  • Includes various layouts for title blocks, filing margins.

General Aspects of Drawings

  • Lettering: clear, uniform, neat, and legible font style (Gothic style).
  • Graphic Symbols: nationally recognized hatchings for clarity and uniformity.
  • Lines: type, weight, and quality for different purposes (construction, object, hidden, center, dimension).
  • Dimensions: clearly placed to avoid confusion with other information on the drawing.
  • Application to scale: a ratio to represent a real object in a drawing as either reduced or enlarged.
  • Importance: for accurate measurements for plan reading and construction.

References

  • Different publications and materials are referenced. These are listed separately under the REFERENCE section of the presentation.

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LN EMS417 Building Technology PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of building technology in this quiz designed for EMS 417. Learn about building components, functional requirements, and the roles of the building team. This covers essential knowledge for real estate studies at UITM.

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