Introduction to Building Technology EMS 417

Introduction to Building Technology

• This course, EMS 417 Building Technology, has a first topic introducing Building Technology.
• The lecturer is PN. Siti Nur Farhana AB Latif, from the Studies of Real Estate at the College of Built Environment, UITM.
• The course includes sections on introduction, parts of building & building elements, functional requirements of a building, the building team, building drawings, and references.
• A building is defined as an assembly of materials and components joined together for shelter and protection from weather.
• Key features of shelter include enclosure for activities, protection from weather.

Building Elements

• Substructure includes foundations and basements.
• Superstructure includes walls, floors, roofs, doors, windows.
• Service components include HVAC, plumbing, electrical systems, and elevators.
• External features include facades, cladding and landscaping.
• Circulation elements include staircases, ramps, corridors, and lifts.
• Building elements comprise an array of components like roof, building services, ceiling finishing, columns/pillars, doors, window and plinth.

Functional Requirements

• Sustainability: encompassing the design, construction, and performance of the building throughout its lifecycle.
• Strength and stability: The building must be able to support the imposed loads and transfer them to the ground safely.
• Weather resistance: Must withstand external climate including water penetration/rising dampness.
• Fire resistance: Must withstand internal and external fire effects, to allow safe evacuation for occupants.
• Thermal insulation: Ensuring thermal comfort for occupants by mitigating heat gain/loss.
• Sound insulation: Prevent external noise and noise within the building from affecting the environment.
• Durability: Building components must be sufficient durability, ease of maintenance, and easy repair.
• Appearance: Materials and components that are visible must appeal to the aesthetics.
• Quality: Performance of material and component considering its function.

Building Team

• Client: Could be a private individual or a commercial organization.
• Design team: responsible for the overall layout and appearance of the building (consists of architect, structural engineer, quantity surveyor and clerk of work).
• Contractors team: the builders responsible for constructing the building (consists of main contractor, subcontractors, estimators, surveyors, contract supervisors, site agents, general foremen, trades foremen, apprentices and labourers).
• Building Material suppliers: the manufacturers and merchants who supply the needed materials.
• Regulators: Responsible for protecting the public and construction workers. (involves the building inspectors and planners).

Working Drawings

• A comprehensive set of drawings for construction projects.
• Created using orthographic projection (plans, sections and elevations)
• Forms an efficient approach to communicate designer's requirements to and assist the contractor, in construction work on site.
• Provides specific information for designers, manufacturers, etc., which aids in clarity and consistency.
• Various purpose: Obtain planning approval, preparing specifications, preparing bills of quantities,preparing tender estimates.
• Components: Plans, Elevations, Sections, Building elements and features are included.
• Drawings formats and typical sizes include A0, A1, A2, A3, and A4

Drawing Instruments and Materials

• Compasses (Beam, Spring bow)
• Pens (ruling, freehand)
• Drawing ink (black and waterproof)
• Stencils (for headings)
• Pencils (various grades)
• Erasers (rubber based)
• Drawing boards (various sizes A2, A1, AO)
• Tea squares (for creating horizontal lines)
• Set squares (for vertical or inclined lines)
• French curves (for curved lines)
• Scales
• Drawing paper (cartridge & handmade paper)
• Tracing paper
• Different types of drawing instruments and materials (drawing ink, pencils (HB, B grades), rulers for measurement, various types of compasses (e.g. spring bows, beam compasses).)
• Drawing board and their dimensions (e.g., A0, A1, A2, A3, A4).
• Different types of drawing paper and its applications.
• Other materials including masking tape, blade, scalpel, templates.

Layout & Presentation of Drawings

• Drawings organized logically and neatly with a balanced layout.
• Includes filing margin, title blocks, information panels
• Provides a consistent format for all drawings.
• Includes various layouts for title blocks, filing margins.

General Aspects of Drawings

• Lettering: clear, uniform, neat, and legible font style (Gothic style).
• Graphic Symbols: nationally recognized hatchings for clarity and uniformity.
• Lines: type, weight, and quality for different purposes (construction, object, hidden, center, dimension).
• Dimensions: clearly placed to avoid confusion with other information on the drawing.
• Application to scale: a ratio to represent a real object in a drawing as either reduced or enlarged.
• Importance: for accurate measurements for plan reading and construction.

References

• Different publications and materials are referenced. These are listed separately under the REFERENCE section of the presentation.