Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of the Latin word 'scientia'?
knowledge
Which branch of science includes psychology and anthropology?
Biology is the study of living organisms and their environment.
True
What is the method of research used in biology?
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What type of reasoning is described as going from specific to general?
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A __________ hypothesis states that there is a difference in the result between variables.
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Viruses are considered living things.
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What are the two main pathways of scientific study?
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Which characteristic of life describes a plant bending toward a light source?
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How do single-celled organisms reproduce?
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Match the following types of reproduction to their description:
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Study Notes
Introduction to Science
- Originates from Latin "Scientia," meaning knowledge.
- Involves systematic processes to explore the natural world through the scientific method.
Types of Science
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Basic Science: Focuses on theoretical knowledge without practical applications.
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Branches:
- Natural Science: Includes Physical (Physics, Chemistry), Life (Anatomy, Botany), and Earth Science (Astronomy, Geology).
- Social Science: Covers disciplines like Psychology, Anthropology, Law, and Economics.
- Formal Science: Encompasses Math, Logic, Statistics.
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Branches:
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Applied Science: Uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.
Biology
- Derived from Greek "Bios" (Life) and "Logos" (Study).
- Focuses on the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and the environment.
- Follows the Scientific Method, which includes:
- Experiments and careful observation.
- Testing hypotheses through repeatable experiments.
Hypotheses
- Null Hypothesis: Suggests no effect or difference between two variables.
- Alternative Hypothesis: Proposes a difference in outcomes between variables.
Scientific Reasoning
- Inductive Reasoning: Moves from specific observations to general conclusions (bottom-up approach).
- Deductive Reasoning: Starts with general premises to derive specific conclusions (top-down approach).
Pathways of Scientific Study
- Descriptive/Discovery Science: Primarily inductive, focused on observation and exploration.
- Hypothesis-based Science: Primarily deductive, addressing specific questions and testing potential answers.
Viruses
- Composed of genetic material encased in capsids but lack cellular structure.
- Cannot maintain homeostasis, regulate temperature, or perform metabolic processes.
- Depend on a host for replication and energy; hence considered non-living.
Properties of Life
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Order/Composition: Organisms are organized structures, either unicellular or multicellular.
- Unicellular: Reproduce asexually and are microscopic.
- Multicellular: Organized into tissues consisting of many cells.
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Sensitivity to Stimuli: Organisms adapt and respond to their environment, which can lead to evolution.
- Positive response: Movement toward a stimulus (e.g., plants toward light).
- Negative response: Movement away from a stimulus (e.g., bacteria away from toxins).
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Reproduction: The capability to create offspring and pass on genetic information.
- Single-celled organisms duplicate DNA and divide into two cells.
- Multicellular organisms generate specialized reproductive cells (gametes).
- Asexual reproduction: Involves one parent, includes methods like cell division and budding.
- Sexual reproduction: Involves two parents, includes egg and sperm fertilization.
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Growth and Development: Governed by genetic instructions that dictate characteristics and development patterns in a species.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of biology with this introductory quiz. Delve into the definitions of science and the distinction between basic and applied science. Test your understanding of the scientific method and the natural world.
