Biology Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

After making an observation and asking a question, what is the next step in the scientific method?

  • Make a hypothesis (correct)
  • Analyze the data
  • Conduct an experiment
  • Draw a conclusion

Which statement accurately describes organic, biological macromolecules?

  • They contain carbon and hydrogen. (correct)
  • They tend to be smaller molecules.
  • They form through ionic bonds.
  • They never use covalent bonding.

How do animal cells primarily store carbohydrates for energy?

  • As disaccharides
  • As starch
  • As cellulose
  • As glycogen (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells?

<p>They have ribosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pH value indicates the highest level of acidity?

<p>3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within an atom, where are neutrons located?

<p>In the nucleus with the protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules can be utilized for long-term energy storage in organisms?

<p>Lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the synthesis of polymers from monomers, such as the formation of a protein from amino acids, what process occurs?

<p>Dehydration reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of protein structure is characterized by the sequence of amino acids?

<p>Primary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fat is considered saturated if which of the following conditions is met?

<p>It contains only single bonds between carbon atoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sample yields a brick red result in Benedict's test, remains light in the Iodine test, and stays blue in the Biuret test. Which conclusion is most accurate?

<p>The sample contains a monosaccharide. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cellular components is NOT found in all organisms?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the molar mass of a molecule correctly calculated?

<p>By multiplying the number of each atom by its atomic mass and then summing these values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a light microscope, what happens to the field of view when moving from 4x magnification to 40x magnification?

<p>The field of view decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polarity in a molecule arises due to what characteristic of its constituent atoms?

<p>Differences in electronegativity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To assess the impact of fireworks on dog barking, you record barking incidents on the 4th of July. What data would serve as a suitable control in this study?

<p>The average number of barking incidents on a typical night without fireworks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Saturated Fat

Fats with NO double bonds; usually solid at room temp.

Brick Red Benedict's Test

Indicates the sample contains a monosaccharide.

Ribosomes

Organelles responsible for protein synthesis found in all organisms.

Molar Mass Calculation

Sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule (g/mol).

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

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Independent Variable

Variable changed or controlled in a scientific experiment.

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Dependent Variable

Variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.

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Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells.

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What is a hypothesis?

Following observation and questioning, it's forming a testable explanation.

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Organic macromolecules must contain...

Organic macromolecules contain both carbon and hydrogen.

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How many bonds can carbon form?

Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms.

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Animal carbohydrate storage form?

Animal cells store carbohydrates as glycogen.

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Prokaryotes characteristic?

Prokaryotes are cells that have ribosomes but lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Which organisms are prokaryotes?

Prokaryotes include domains Bacteria and Archaea.

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Most acidic pH?

A pH of 3 indicates a higher concentration of H+ ions, thus the most acidic.

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Neutron location in the atom?

Neutrons are located in the nucleus along with protons.

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Study Notes

  • After making an observation and asking a question, the next step in the scientific method is to make a hypothesis.
  • Organic, biological macromolecules contain carbon and hydrogen.
  • Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds.
  • Animal cells store carbohydrates as glycogen.
  • Prokaryotes have ribosomes but lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; they have a plasma membrane.
  • pH 3 is the most acidic.
  • Neutrons are located in the nucleus with the protons.
  • Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other.
  • The monomer of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide.
  • The monomer of a protein is amino acid.
  • The monomer of a nucleic acid is nucleotide.
  • Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons, not electrons.
  • An RNA nucleotide is composed of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and ribose.
  • Ribosomes are responsible for translating proteins.
  • Lipids include waxes, steroids, the main component of the plasma membrane, and triglycerides.
  • The majority of the human body is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON).
  • To be considered living, an organism must respond to stimuli, reproduce, adapt to the environment, and maintain homeostasis.
  • Being unicellular is NOT a requirement.
  • Cells must NOT remain the same size.
  • An amino acid does not contain a nitrogenous base as a functional group.
  • During the synthesis of polymers from monomers in biological macromolecules, water is produced through a condensation reaction (dehydration reaction).
  • Lipids can be used for long-term energy storage.
  • Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes; fungi, plants, animals, and protists are not.
  • Quaternary protein structure involves multiple protein molecules forming a complex.
  • A saturated fat does NOT have a double bond, so there is no kink.
  • If a sample turns brick red after a Benedict’s test, stayed light after an Iodine test, and stayed blue after a Biuret’s test, then the sample contains a monosaccharide but does not contain a starch or protein.
  • Mitochondria are NOT found in all organisms.
  • All organisms possess ribosomes, a plasma membrane, and DNA.
  • To calculate the molar mass of a molecule, multiply the number of each atom by its atomic mass and then add each of those numbers together.
  • Moving from 4x to 40x on a light microscope causes the field of view to decrease.
  • Polarity across a molecule is caused by a difference in electronegativity between atoms.
  • If testing how fireworks affect night time dog barking by collecting the number of barks from all neighbors' dogs on the 4th of July and averaging it out, the control would be the number of times dogs bark on a normal, non-firework night.
  • Phosphorus has 15 protons, 15 electrons, 16 neutrons, and 5 valence electrons.
  • The independent variable of the example graph is the location.
  • The dependent variable of the example graph is the number of bird species.
  • An appropriate title for the provided example graph would be "How the number of bird species varies by location" or "How the number of bird species is affected by location."
  • Cell theory states that every cell comes from another cell and all living things are made of one or more cells.
  • The molar mass of ribose (C5H10O5) is 150 g/mol.
  • To make 0.1L of a .04M ribose solution requires 0.6g of ribose.

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Key concepts in biology, exploring the scientific method, macromolecules, cell structures, and chemical properties. Covers fundamental building blocks of life, including carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Also touches on atomic structure and pH levels.

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