Biology Chapter 1 Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a hypothesis in scientific inquiry?

To provide a definitive answer to a question.

To summarize all previous observations.

To serve as a possible explanation that can be tested. (correct)

To invalidate previous theories.

In Redi's experiment on spontaneous generation, which variable was the manipulated variable?

Time the jars were left open.

Type of meat used. (correct)

Temperature of the environment.

Appearance of maggots.

Which of the following best describes metabolism?

All the chemical reactions that occur within cells. (correct)

The process of maintaining stable internal conditions.

The reproduction process involving genetic mixing.

The ability of organisms to adapt to their environment.

What is homeostasis in living organisms?

The ability to maintain constant internal conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes sexual reproduction?

Involves the mixing of genetic material from two individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main observation in Spallanzani’s experiment regarding microorganisms?

Microorganisms were present in unsealed flasks only. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately defines a controlled variable in an experiment?

A factor kept constant to ensure consistency. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the smallest unit of structure and function in living things?

Cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization is defined as a group of cells working together to perform a specific function?

Tissue Signup and view all the answers

What best describes isotopes?

The same element with different numbers of neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Ionic bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of buffers in biological systems?

To neutralize strong acids or bases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options does NOT describe a function of proteins?

Storing genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What process refers to the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding prokaryotic cells?

They lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the physical combination of two or more substances where the identities are retained?

Mixture Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macromolecule serves primarily as a source of energy?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the state of a solution where the concentration of solute is greater outside the cell than inside?

Hypertonic Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 1: Introduction to Biology

Observation: Gathering information using one or more senses (qualitative or quantitative)
Data: Evidence or information gathered from observations.
Inference: Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience.
Hypothesis: Possible explanation for observations or a scientific question; testable.
Spontaneous Generation: Disproven hypothesis; life arises from non-living matter.
Redi's Experiment (1668): Disproved spontaneous generation by examining maggot development on meat.
Spallanzani's Experiment: Disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms by boiling gravy and sealing flasks.
Controlled Variable: Factors kept constant in an experiment to isolate the effect of a single variable.
Manipulated Variable: The variable changed to observe its effect.
Responding Variable: The variable that changes in response to the manipulated variable.
Theory: Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations; can be changed.
Characteristics of Living Things:
- Composed of cells
- Reproduce
- Based on a universal genetic code (DNA)
- Grow and develop
- Obtain and use energy (metabolism)
- Respond to their environment
- Maintain stable internal conditions (homeostasis)
- Evolve (species only)
Cells: Fundamental units of structure and function in living things.
Sexual Reproduction: Mixing genetic material from two individuals for unique offspring.
Asexual Reproduction: Reproduction producing genetically identical offspring from a single parent.
Metabolism: All chemical reactions in cells, including anabolism and catabolism.
Homeostasis: Ability to maintain constant internal conditions.
Evolution: Change over time (species only).
Levels of Biological Organization: Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere.

Chapter 2 & 3: Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Reactions

Atom: Smallest unit of matter, found in nucleus.
Proton: Positively charged particle in the nucleus.
Electron: Negatively charged particle outside the nucleus.
Neutron: Neutral particle in the nucleus.
Atomic Number: Number of protons.
Atomic Mass: Sum of protons and neutrons.
Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, some radioactive.
Compounds: Substances formed by two or more different elements.
Covalent Bonds: Sharing of electrons between nonmetals.
Ionic Bonds: Transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal.
Hydrogen Bonds: Weak bonds between molecules with F, O, or N and hydrogen.
Polarity: Unequal distribution of charge within a molecule (nonpolar = neutral).
Cohesion: Attraction between like substances (e.g., water).
Adhesion: Attraction between unlike substances (e.g., water and glass).
Mixtures: Combinations of substances where identities are retained (solutions, suspensions, colloids).
Solutions: Solute (being dissolved) in a solvent (doing the dissolving).
Suspensions: Dispersed particles not completely dissolved.
pH Scale: Measures acidity; ranges from 0-14 (acidic <7, neutral=7, basic >7).
Acids: More hydrogen ions (H+).
Bases: More hydroxide ions (OH-).
Buffers: Substances that neutralize small amounts of acid or base to maintain pH.
Carbohydrates: Main source of energy.
Lipids: Fats, oils, waxes, steroids.
Proteins: Polymers of amino acids.
Nucleic Acids: Carry genetic information (DNA, RNA).
Saturation: System's capacity to absorb more substance.

Chapter 4 & 5: Cells

Cell Theory: All organisms are composed of cells; cells are basic units of life; new cells arise from existing cells.
Prokaryotes: Single-celled organisms lacking membrane-bound organelles and nuclei.
Eukaryotes: Organisms with cells containing nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.
Plant Cells: Contain cell walls; different organelles than animal cells.
Animal Cells: Do not contain cell walls; simpler structure
Unicellular/Multicellular Organisms.
Cell Specialization: Cells in multicellular organisms have specific functions (e.g. red blood cells, skin cells, nerve cells).
Levels of Organization: (reiterate from chapter 1)
Passive Transport: Movement of materials from high to low concentration without energy (diffusion, osmosis).
Active Transport: Movement of materials from low to high concentration using energy.
Diffusion: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Osmosis: Diffusion of water.
Iso-, Hyper-, Hypotonic Solutions: Different concentrations of solutes relative to a cell.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of biology with this quiz. It covers observation, data collection, hypotheses, and key experiments that shaped our understanding of life. Specifically, delve into concepts such as spontaneous generation and the variables in scientific experiments.