Introduction to Anthropology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes Ferdinand Marcos Jr.'s contributions during his term?

  • He authored 29 House bills and co-authored 90 more. (correct)
  • He significantly reduced the number of government departments.
  • His primary focus was improving military capabilities.
  • He played no role in economic legislation.
  • What was a notable action taken by Ferdinand Marcos in 1972?

  • He established diplomatic relations with the United States.
  • He initiated a major economic reform.
  • He imposed martial law. (correct)
  • He improved educational standards nationwide.
  • What is the purpose of the Maharlika Investment Fund?

  • To fund international aid programs.
  • To operate private businesses.
  • To finance military expenditures.
  • To serve as a long-term source of investment capital. (correct)
  • In what year were diplomatic relations between the United States and the Philippines established?

    <p>1946 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the government's right to rule as perceived by the people?

    <p>Legitimacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treaty serves as a foundation for U.S.-Philippine security partnerships?

    <p>The U.S.-Philippines Mutual Defense Treaty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT part of the definition of a state?

    <p>Military power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is essential for good governance?

    <p>Transparency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary challenges during Marcos's later years in power?

    <p>Rise of government corruption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of studying political science?

    <p>To educate regarding citizenship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflects the cultural and historical ties between the U.S. and the Philippines?

    <p>A shared commitment to democracy and human rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines governance?

    <p>The process of decision-making and implementation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did economic cooperation play in the U.S.-Philippine relations?

    <p>It provides additional avenues for engagement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following roles does the state NOT perform?

    <p>Influencing personal beliefs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts describes the leader being followed with obedience?

    <p>Authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent a characteristic of good governance?

    <p>Inequity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the U.S.-Philippine Bilateral Strategic Dialogue (BSD)?

    <p>To plan future diplomatic relations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of governance mentioned?

    <p>Regulation of marriage laws. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the study of government and politics at all levels?

    <p>Political Science (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant recent development in China–Philippines relations?

    <p>A significant increase in bilateral cooperation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the expected learner objectives in Political Science education?

    <p>Discuss the nature and scope of Political Science. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the principles of governance, how are taxes related to public infrastructure?

    <p>Taxes fund the construction of public roads. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'Politics' in the context defined?

    <p>Management of public affairs in communities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Polis' denote in the context of Political Science?

    <p>A city or community of citizens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines political science?

    <p>The systematic study of politics and the relationships between people and government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of political science focuses on the behavior, origin, and purposes of the state?

    <p>Political Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does public law primarily concern itself with?

    <p>Limitations upon government authority and powers of government offices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about public administration is accurate?

    <p>It is a field aimed at advancing the common good through community leadership (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of comparative government within political science?

    <p>The analysis of governmental structures globally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is NOT an example of public law?

    <p>Economic Development Policies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary duty of citizens in a democratic community?

    <p>To cooperate with duly constituted authorities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does public international law regulate?

    <p>Relations and obligations between nation-states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of the state includes the maintenance of peace and order?

    <p>Maintenance of peace and order (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is considered the father of political science?

    <p>Aristotle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes the group of people who exercise political control over the state?

    <p>Administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a latent function of the state that produces unintended results?

    <p>Creation of corrupt political parties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT considered a duty or obligation of citizens?

    <p>To ignore community contributions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the government in relation to the state?

    <p>To carry out the will of the state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a function of the government in administering justice?

    <p>Operating the judicial system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects the relationship between political power and socio-economic status?

    <p>Creation of power elites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a monarchy?

    <p>A single person holds supreme authority without regard to selection source. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an oligarchy?

    <p>Ruled by a small number of individuals for their own interests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of totalitarian government?

    <p>The state controls every aspect of public and private life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of government is characterized by a single ruler, often from a royal family?

    <p>Monarchy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a federal government entail?

    <p>Powers are divided between national and local governments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes mobocracy?

    <p>Political power exercised by the masses in a chaotic manner. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which government system is participation in decision-making limited?

    <p>Dictatorship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What latent function might result in government suppression of dissent?

    <p>Bureaucratic capitalism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Bilateral Strategic Dialogue (BSD)

    An annual forum for planning between the U.S. and the Philippines.

    Political Science

    The study of government and politics at different levels (local, national, international).

    Good Governance

    Characteristics of fair and effective government operation.

    State and Government

    The difference between a political system and its specific governing institutions.

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    Functions of Government

    The activities a government undertakes. These can be obvious (e.g., building roads) or less obvious (e.g., setting social behavior rules).

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    Citizens' Duties

    Responsibilities and obligations of citizens to the government and each other.

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    Forms of Government

    Different ways states are organized and governed.

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    Politics

    The process of making decisions and managing public affairs, involving the state and its people.

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    Anthropology

    The study of humanity, including its origins, development, customs, and beliefs.

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    Evolution

    The process of change in all living things over time.

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    Ferdinand Marcos Jr.

    The current President of the Philippines.

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    Marcos Jr.'s Political Contributions

    Authored/co-authored many bills, including those for the creation of the Department of Energy and National Youth Commission; Introduced Maharlika Investment Fund to foster economic growth and job creation.

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    US-Philippines Relations

    Strong historical and cultural ties, based on a mutual commitment to democracy and human rights. Strengthened by a mutual defense treaty.

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    Philippines-China Relations

    A complex relationship that needs further explanation.

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    Martial Law in Philippines

    A period of authoritarian rule in the Philippines under President Ferdinand Marcos, marked by government corruption, economic stagnation, and political repression.

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    Maharlika Investment Fund

    The country's first sovereign wealth fund created during Marcos Jr's term intended to provide long-term investment capital for economic growth and job creation.

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    Political Science Definition

    The systematic study of politics, centering on people's relations with government.

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    Political Theory

    Examines the origins, structure, operation, and goals of the state.

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    Public Law

    Deals with government structure, limitations, powers, and duties of officials, plus state interactions.

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    Public Administration

    Leadership focused on serving communities for positive change, managed at all government levels.

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    Comparative Government

    Comparing and analyzing structures of governments across the world.

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    Public International Law

    Rules and principles for interactions and obligations between nations and international organisations.

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    Aristotle

    Considered the Father of Political Science.

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    Niccolò Machiavelli

    Father of modern political science.

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    Legitimacy (Political Science)

    The belief that a government has the right to rule, established in people's minds.

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    Sovereignty (Political Science)

    A nation's control over its own territory and affairs.

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    Authority (Political Science)

    The power of a leader to command obedience.

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    Governance

    The process of making and implementing decisions.

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    State (Political Science)

    A community of people with a defined territory, independent government, and obedience from its inhabitants.

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    Elements of a State

    People, territory (land, water, air), government, and sovereignty.

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    Citizenship

    Membership in a political community/nation.

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    Good Governance Characteristics

    Characteristics of effective governance, such as participation, consensus, accountability, transparency, responsiveness, effectiveness/efficiency, equity/inclusiveness, rule of law.

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    Citizen

    A member of a democratic community with full civil and political rights, enjoying protection within their state.

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    Duties of a Citizen

    Obligations that citizens have towards their state, including loyalty, defense, contribution to development, upholding the Constitution, and responsible rights exercise.

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    Government

    The agency responsible for formulating, expressing, and executing the will of the state. It represents the people in power at any given time.

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    Main Functions of Government

    The key roles the government plays, including maintaining peace, regulating society, administering justice, defending the state, providing services, handling foreign affairs, and fostering economic ties.

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    Latent Functions of State

    Unintended consequences of state actions that can be positive or negative. These often involve power dynamics, corruption, and societal inequalities.

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    Examples of Latent Functions

    These include political party corruption, power elite formation, bureaucratic inefficiency, graft and corruption, cronyism, nepotism, military coups, human rights violations, and unjust legal systems.

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    Military Coup d'état

    The seizure of power by the military, often through force or intimidation, leading to a change in government.

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    Human Rights Violations

    Actions taken by government or military forces that go against basic human rights, such as unlawful killings, arbitrary detention, or torture.

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    Bureaucratic Capitalism

    A situation where government officials and businesses collude, using their power for mutual benefit and personal gain, often leading to corruption and inequality.

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    Government Subservience to Foreign Powers

    When a government acts in accordance with the interests of foreign nations, often at the expense of its own citizens' well-being, due to pressures like economic dependence or military alliances.

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    Government as Ideological Apparatus

    When the government serves as a tool to promote the ideas and interests of a ruling elite, often suppressing alternative viewpoints and controlling information.

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    Suppression of Dissent

    The act of government limiting or silencing opposing voices, including criticism of its policies or actions, often through censorship, intimidation, or imprisonment.

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    Monarchy

    A form of government where a single individual, the monarch (king or queen), holds supreme power, often inheriting their position.

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    Tyranny

    A form of government where a single ruler has absolute power, often seizing it through force or manipulation, and disregarding the people's rights.

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    Aristocracy

    A form of government where a small, privileged group, often based on birth or wealth, holds power and makes decisions.

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    Oligarchy

    A form of government where a small group of individuals, often with economic power, controls the state and its institutions for their own benefit.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to Anthropology

    • Anthropology is the study of human beings, encompassing their infinite curiosity.
    • The term derives from Greek words: "anthropos" meaning "human" and "logos" meaning "study".
    • Anthropology examines the total way of life, the social legacy individuals acquire from their group.
    • It studies all aspects of human life and culture.

    Introduction to Evolution

    • Evolution explains how the past contributed to people's biology and culture.

    Who is an Anthropologist?

    • An anthropologist is a scientist who investigates sociohistorical, archaeological, linguistic, and biological facets of humanity, particularly their impact on the development of modern humans.

    Branches of Anthropology

    • Anthropology has several branches
      • Cultural anthropology
      • Linguistic anthropology
      • Biological anthropology
      • Archaeology

    Motivation Review

    • The pages contain a note about different perspectives on the government and political views, a review of political science concepts, topics related to political science, and discussions about different branches of political science.

    The Present Political Leadership of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.

    • The current political leadership of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. is a topic of discussion.
    • The discussion notes a focus on the President's political history and the controversies surrounding him. It also covers his actions during his term and the related historical context.

    Ferdinand Marcos Jr Contributions

    • In his initial term, Marcos made significant progress in agriculture, industry, and education.
    • However, he implemented martial law in 1972, which marked a turning point in his term and policies, resulting in rampant government corruption, economic stagnation, political repression, and communist growth during his later years as president.
    • He also authored 29 house bills and co-authored 90 more, including initiatives for the Department of Energy and the National Youth Commission.

    Republic of the Philippines to United States Relations; Republic of the Philippines to China Relations.

    • The United States established diplomatic relations with the Philippines in 1946.
    • The relationship is based on historical and cultural bonds, shared commitment to democracy, and human rights.
    • A 1951 mutual defense treaty cemented a strong post-WWII security partnership.
    • The Philippines and the United States engage in dialogue.
    • The Philippines has developed positive relations with China.

    The Influence of Government in Daily Life

    • Governments play a pivotal role in daily life by shaping rules, providing services, and influencing various aspects of behavior.
    • Governments provide frameworks for daily behavior, protect citizens against external interference, and foster well-being.
    • Governments also manage the infrastructure; funding through taxation allows for the generation of essential public infrastructure.

    Political Science Objectives

    • The objectives of studying political science: understanding the nature and scope of political science, the goals of its study, and the relationship between state and government, and further delving into the functions of the government.
    • The roles and responsibilities of citizens, various government systems, relationships between international affairs, sociology, and anthropology.

    Definitions of Politics, Government, and Relevant Concepts

    • Politics refers to the management of public affairs, encompassing the community, and societal governance aspects.
    • Key figures like Aristotle and Niccolò Machiavelli are noted for their contributions to the understanding of political science.
    • State functions include maintaining peace and order, safeguarding national security, protecting liberties, promoting justice, and fostering economic development in the nation.
    • Important concepts like state legitimacy, sovereignty, authority, and various forms of government and their complexities are central to exploring the subject.

    Forms and Types of Government

    • Government types are categorized by ruler numbers and leadership styles (e.g., monarchy, tyranny, aristocracy, oligarchy, democracy, mobocracy, dictatorship, totalitarianism, fascism, parliamentary government, federal government).

    Latent Functions of the State

    • Unexpected and unintended consequences of state actions include the rise of corrupt political parties, social class divisions, ties between power and economic status, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and instances of graft, corruption, and mismanagement.
    • Other issues include cronyism, nepotism, factionalism, military coups, human rights violations, and corruption in the administration of justice.
    • State functions may also include creating bureaucratic structures, bowing to foreign powers, and controlling the mass media.

    The Concept of Governance

    • Governance is the process of decision-making and implementing those decisions, including factors like participation, consensus, responsiveness, effectiveness, accountability, fairness and inclusiveness.
    • It also addresses the law-making processes and actions within and outside the country's borders.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of anthropology, including its definition, branches, and the role of anthropologists. It delves into how evolution relates to human culture and biology. Test your knowledge on the diverse aspects of human life that anthropology encompasses!

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