LESSON 4C Political Science PPT PDF

REVIEW THE PAST LESSON 1.What is ANTHROPOLOGY? WHAT IS EVOLUTION? WHO IS THE ANTHROPOLOGIST? WHAT ARE THE BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY? MOTIVATION WATCH THE VIDEO Chaos as enraged Duterte nearly throws mic at Trillanes over bank accounts | ABS-CBN News https://www.youtube.com /watch?...

REVIEW THE PAST LESSON 1.What is ANTHROPOLOGY? WHAT IS EVOLUTION? WHO IS THE ANTHROPOLOGIST? WHAT ARE THE BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY? MOTIVATION WATCH THE VIDEO Chaos as enraged Duterte nearly throws mic at Trillanes over bank accounts | ABS-CBN News https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=o469w6QIrms LIVE: Bamban, Tarlac Mayor Alice Guo at the Senate committee hearing on the raided...- Replay https://www.youtube.com/live/ BQUyFDWZOA4? si=P0nylSd5QZKfhJo2 GROUP 1- The present political leadership of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Group 2- Republic of the Philippines to United States relations; Republic of the Philippines to China Relations. Group 3- The influence of government in your daily life. 1. The present political leadership of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. What three things made Ferdinand Marcos a notable person in history and politics? In his first term Marcos made progress in agriculture, industry, and education, but in 1972 he imposed martial law, and his later years in power were noted for rampant government corruption, economic stagnation, political repression, and the steady What did Bongbong Marcos Jr contribute to the Philippines? During his term, Marcos was the author of 29 House bills and co- author of 90 more, which includes those that paved the way for the creation of the Department of Energy and the National Youth Commission. The president is open to using some of his political capital, as in the case of the passage of the country’s first sovereign fund — the Maharlika Investment Fund. The fund will serve as a long-term source of investment capital, fostering economic growth and job creation. The Marcos Jr administration will utilise it to finance various infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges and airports as well as attract foreign investments. 2. Republic of the Philippines to United States relations; Republic of the Philippines to China Relations. The United States established diplomatic relations with the Philippines in 1946. U.S.-Philippine relations are based on strong historical and cultural linkages and a shared commitment to democracy and human rights. The 1951 U.S.-Philippines Mutual Defense Treaty provides a strong foundation for our robust post- World War II security partnership. Strong people-to- people ties, and economic cooperation provide additional avenues to engage on a range of bilateral, regional, and global issues. The U.S.-Philippine Bilateral Strategic Dialogue (BSD) is the annual forum for forward planning across the spectrum of our relationship. The most recent BSD took place in January 2023 when senior Philippine and U.S. foreign affairs and defense officials convened in Manila. Establishment of official diplomatic relations Over the 34 years, China– Philippines relations in general have attained a smooth development, and also remarkable achievements in all areas of bilateral cooperation. Bilateral relations between the Philippines and China have significantly progressed in recent years. 3.The influence of government in your daily life.  Theyplan and pay for most roads, run public schools organize police and fire services and they make rules. Governments provide the parameters for everyday behavior for citizens, protect them from outside interference, and often provide for their well-being and happiness.  About paying most road or infrastructure to build it,then we will pay it from our TAX or VAT that can charge to our salary. So we are need to follow their laws or rules.If not they will sanctions or penalties for every individual for not paying the tax.  POLITICAL SCIENCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to : 1. Discuss the nature and scope of Political Science 2. Become aware of the goal in the study of Political Science 3. Identify the major characteristics of good governance 4. Show the relationship between state and government 5. Ariculate the manifest and latent functions of government 6. Recognize the duties and obligations of citizens 7. Enumerate and explain the forms of government 8. Show the relationship of Sociology; Anthropology and Political Introduction of political science? Political science focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the local, state, national, and international levels. We are dedicated to developing understandings of institutions, practices, and relations that constitute public life and modes of inquiry that promote citizenship. Definition and Nature of Politics Science and Government DEFINITION OF TERMS Politics People with a government as a society or community and the management of public affairs Politics  Greek Word “Politika” meaning affairs of the state  “Polis” Citadel , city ,community of citizens ,State or City- more at police entry.  Humans are not self- sufficing  Humans need to come together as community  Fathers of Political Science Aristotle Niccolò Machiavelli Father of Political Father of Modern Science Political Science  From The french political philosopher “JEAN BODIN “ POLITICAL SCIENCE - is the systematic study of the state and government AYSON REYES (1953) and H. DE LEON (2002) Modern and acceptable definition : POLITICAL SCIENCE - is the systematic study of politics. DEFENSOR SANTIAGO  POLITICAL SCIENCE- is the systematic study of politics, mainly involving the relations people have with the government. JACOBSEN (2002) POLITICAL SCIENCE- as the analysis of the state and the relations of people with the government SCOPE IN THE STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1. POLITICAL THEORY- The entire body of doctrine relating theorigin,form, behavior and purposes of the state are deal with. Example of Political theory: Absolute monarchy. Against Political Equality. Agonism. Agrarian socialism. Ainu Revolution Theory. American exceptionalism. American Free Press. Anti-authoritarianism. SCOPE IN THE STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 2. PUBLIC LAW- It is concerned with : A. Organization of government B. Limitations upon government authority C. Powers and duties of government offices and officers D. Obligation of one state to another  EXAMPLE OF PUBLIC LAW What are 5 example of laws in the Philippines? Notable laws Designation Date passed Result RA 7160 October 10, 1991 - Local Government Code of 1991 RA 8293 June 6, 1997- The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (the copyright law). RA 8353 September 30, 1997 - The Anti-Rape Act of 1997 RA 8485 February 11, 1998 - The Animal Welfare Act of 1998  3.PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION  Public administration is a field in which leaders serve communities to advance the common good and effect positive change. Public administration professionals are equipped with skills to manage at all levels of government (local, state, and federal) as well as nonprofit 4.COMPARATIVEGOVERNMEN T  the study and analysis of the general structure of governments throughout the world. 5.PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW  Public International Law refers to the body of legal rules and principles which determine the international rights and obligations of nation-states and regulate the operations of international organizations. Also non-governmental entities and individuals have become part of Public International Law. THE THREE RELATED CONCEPTS THAT ARE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE: A. Legitimacy- An attitude in peoples’ mind that the government has a right to rule B. Sovereignity- The nation-wide control over the territory of a particular country. c. Authority- It means the leader is being followed by obedience. GOAL IN THE STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE  The primary goal of is to educate regarding citizenship Itseeks to impart the which is a must in every knowledge and country for the students to face the complexities of modern uderstanding of government and politics. government to students especially  Itaims to equip the students on how to operate with efficiency in discharging and what factors or their duties and obligations as forces are behind a citizens. particular issues and policies.  THE CONCEPT of GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE- means “ the process of decision -making and the process by which decision are implemented. Good governance has eight (8) major characteristics 1. It must be participatory 5. It must be responsive 2. It must be consensus 6. It must be effective and efficient 3. It must accountable 7. It must equitable and inclusive 4. It must be transparent 8. It must follow the rule of law  CONCEPT and NATURE of STATE and GOVERNMENT STATE - is a community of persons more or less numerous ,permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, independent of external control, and possessing on organized government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience. ( Aruego and Torres, 1981) ELEMENTS OF THE STATE 1. People 2. Territory- comprises the terrestrial (land), fluvial, (water), and aerial (air space) domains. 3. Government- is the state machinery to carry on the act of governance. 4. Sovereignty- is the supreme authority in internal matters and freedom from external control.  FIVE MAIN ROLES WHICH THE STATE MUST BE PERFORM 1. Domestic peace and order 2. National security 3. Blessing of liberty 4. Promotion of school justice and general welfare 5. Promotion of public morality and economic development  CITIZENSHIP and CITIZEN CITIZENSHIP- is denoting membership of a citizen in a political society. CITIZEN- refers toa member of a democratic community who enjoys full civil and political rights and is accorded protection inside and  DUTIES and OBLIGATION of CITIZENS 1. To be loyal to the republic 2. To defend the State 3. To contribute to the development and Welfare of the State 4. To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws 5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities 6. To exercise rigths responsibly and due regard for the rights of others 7. To engage in gainful work 8. To register and vote  THE CONCEPT and NATURE of GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT- refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated , expressed and carried out. The concept of government is sometimes used to refer to the person or aggregate of those persons in whose hands are placed for the time being the function or political control. This “body of men “ usually spoken as “ administration” FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE THROUGH THE GOVERNMENT  The state is the institution whose functions are carried out by the government. THE MAIN MANIFEST FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE ARE: 1. The maintenace of peace and order (through the national and local police and the military.) 2. The regulation and control of the lives of the people (legislative enactments of laws and rules of conduct) 3. The administration of justice (through courts) 4. The protection and defense of the state from outside invasion ( through the armed forces of the state) 5. The administration of public and social services ( through the national and local executive) 6. Conducting foreign affairs ( through the diplomatic corps. 7. Maintenance of strong economic ties to the world of commerce State latent functions which may produce results that are neither desired not intended , such as: 1. The creation of political parties that is corrupt and inconsistent with democratic ideology. 2. The creation of power elites and social classes. 3. The relationship between political power and socio- economic status. 4. Bureaucratic red tape in government. 5. Ramptant graft and corruption and misuse of State latent functions which may produce results that are neither desired not intended , such as: 6. Cronisym, nepotism , palakasan and lagay system ,tayo-tayo system and padrino system. 7. Military coup d’ etat 8. Military violation of human rights such as salvaging, hamletting, and extra judicial killing. 9. Corrupt and unjust administration of justice 10. Collusion between government and business State latent functions which may produce results that are neither desired not intended , such as: 11. The creation of bureaucratic capitalists. 12. Government subservient to the dictates and vested interests of foreign powers. 13. Government as an ideological apparatus in the service of the ellite ruling class. 14. Suppression of political dissent and the mass media. 15. Political dynasty and perpetuation of power at  FORMS OF GOVERNMENT The principal forms are the following : 1. A government based on number of rulers and kind of rulership. Government of One a.Monarchy- The supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person (monarch or king) without regard to the source of his selection or the nature or duration of his tenure. b.Tyranny- Ruled by a person not coming from a royal family but from the middle class or from the common  FORMS OF GOVERNMENT  Government of the Few a. Aristocracy- One in which the political power is exercised by a few privileged class. b. Oligarchy- Are those with vested interest of using the government to promote their wealth.  Government of the Majority a. Democracy- One in which political powe is exercised by a majority of the people. b. Mobocracy- Akind of political power that is governed by mob rule.  FORMS OF GOVERNMENT 2. A GOVERNMENT BASED ON TERRITORIAL DELEGATION OF POWER a.Unitary government- One in which control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government. b.Federal government- One which the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs ,one of national affairs and other for local affairs, each organ being supreme, within its own sphere. Example: The United States of America.  3. A government based on the extent of people participation.  a. Dictatorship - A political system in which the opportunity to participate in decision is restricted to a few.  b. Totalitarian- A modern front of dictatorship in which the state controls every aspect of individual’s life political or not ,from cradle to grave.  b.1Facism- is totalitarian government and society by an extremely rightist single party dictatorship which is intensely nationalist, racialist, militarist, and empoirialist. 4. As to relationship between the Executive and the Legislative branches of government. a. Parliamentary government- One in which the state confers upon the legislative the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive. b. Presidential government- One which the state makes the Executive constitutionally independent of the legislative his regards to policies and acts, and furnishes him with sufficient powers to prevent the legislature from trenching upon the sphere marked out by the constitution as executive independence and prerogative.