Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What best describes homeostasis?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment. (correct)

The process of growth and development.

Ignoring external stimuli to focus on internal conditions.

A constant change in internal conditions.

Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Midsagittal

Transverse

Sagittal

Frontal (coronal) (correct)

Which statement accurately differentiates between a cation and an anion?

Cations are larger than anions.

Cations have a neutral charge while anions have a charge.

Cations are negatively charged, anions are positively charged.

Cations lose electrons, anions gain electrons. (correct)

What is the primary difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Ionic bonds involve transferring electrons, while covalent bonds involve sharing electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding valence electrons?

They determine how an atom bonds with others. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an organic compound?

Typically consists of large, complex molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

Provide a quick source of energy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Sweating reduces body temperature. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these terms best describes a substance with a pH of 3?

Acidic Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is associated with the position of an object?

Potential energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Unsaturated fatty acids contain fewer hydrogen atoms. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Monounsaturated fatty acids have one double bond; polyunsaturated have two or more. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of phospholipids in a cell?

To form the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Signup and view all the answers

What are steroids primarily derived from?

Cholesterol. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is the basic building block of proteins?

Amino acid. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes secondary structure from primary structure in proteins?

Secondary structure involves hydrogen bonding. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

RNA is involved in protein synthesis; DNA stores genetic information. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ATP in cells?

To provide energy for cellular processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

To synthesize proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a red blood cell when placed in a hypertonic solution?

It shrinks due to water loss. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

List the levels of organization from atoms to organisms
Describe the primary function of major organ systems
Describe major body cavities and membranes
Define homeostasis
- Describe how homeostasis is maintained through positive and negative feedback
- Provide examples of positive and negative feedback mechanisms
Define directional terms (superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, central, peripheral) and apply them to body organization
Define anatomical planes (sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, frontal/coronal) and how they divide the body

Chemical Level of Organization

List the components of an atom and their properties
Define atomic number and mass number
Describe isotopes and give examples
Describe ions and how they form
- Define cation and anion, and give examples
Explain valence electrons and their importance
Compare and contrast ionic, non-polar covalent, and polar covalent bonds and give examples
Describe the importance of hydrogen bonds
Define catabolism and anabolism and identify reactions as catabolic or anabolic
Define kinetic, potential, and activation energy
Define and describe a catalyst

Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Describe the difference between inorganic and organic compounds
List the properties of water
Define acid, base, and buffer and explain the pH scale (0-14)
Describe the structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Cellular Level of Organization

Describe the function of ATP
Describe the function of specific organelles (nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth ER, rough ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, centrioles, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella)
Describe the composition of the plasma membrane
List the two types of membrane proteins and their functions
Compare and contrast simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport
Describe simple diffusion and its factors influencing the diffusion rate
Describe the types of substances that diffuse directly through and across the plasma membrane

Osmosis and Cellular Transport

Define osmosis
Describe what happens to a red blood cell in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions
Define endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts in anatomy and physiology, including the levels of organization in biological systems, the function of organ systems, and the principles of homeostasis. Additionally, it explores the chemical level of organization, discussing atomic structure and chemical bonding. Test your knowledge on these critical topics in human biology.