Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

Joints

Facilitated diffusion requires a protein carrier or selective channel.

Selective permeability allows some substances to pass through while excluding others.

<p>Fluid or hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport requires energy input from the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pleural cavity and the mediastinum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diaphragm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It separates the parietal and visceral serosae, reducing friction between moving organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The visceral serosa covers the internal organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organ is composed of two or more different types of tissue that perform similar functions and generally have recognizable shapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organismal level is the largest level of organization, consisting of all systems working together to form a complete living entity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gross anatomy deals with structures visible to the naked eye, while microscopic anatomy focuses on structures at the cellular and tissue levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiology concerns the processes and functions of body parts, explaining how they work in relation to their anatomical structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior refers to being nearer to or at the front of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chemical level refers to the smallest components, including atoms and molecules, that are essential for life and form the basis of all biological structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medial is defined as being closer to the mid-line of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial refers to being closer to the surface, while deep means further from the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tissue level is made up of groups of similar cells and their surrounding materials, working together to perform specific functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directional terms are used to describe the locations and positions of body structures in relation to one another, which aids in clarity and precision during anatomical discussions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dorsal cavity protects the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anatomical position provides a standardized reference point for describing the location and orientation of body parts, ensuring consistency in anatomical terminology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ventral cavity houses internal organs, also known as viscera.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left parts, allowing for flexion and extension movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral means further away from the mid-line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An intermediate position is between two structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth muscle cells are long, spindle-shaped, non-striated, and involuntary, while skeletal muscle cells are long, multinucleated, striated, and voluntary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone tissue consists of living cells, specifically osteocytes, embedded in a mineralized matrix of calcium and phosphorus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrocartilage is a strong type of cartilage that contains more collagen and is commonly found in intervertebral disks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chondrocytes are specialized cells that maintain and produce the extracellular matrix of cartilage, contributing to its flexibility and strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroglia are supporting cells in nervous tissue that nourish, protect, and insulate neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac muscle cells are striated, uninucleated, and cylindrical, with branches that connect to each other via intercalated disks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact bone is dense and provides strength, whereas spongy bone is lighter and contains a network of trabecular, providing structural support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria are the major site of ATP production, often referred to as the power house of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane, while diffusion refers to the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a hypertonic solution, a cell will shrink due to the movement of water out of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple diffusion does not require protein carriers, while facilitated diffusion uses specific protein carriers to help move molecules across the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary types of bulk transport mechanisms are exocytosis, which moves substances out of the cell, and endocytosis, which engulfs substances into the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of molecules, resulting in faster diffusion rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia are hair-like structures that move materials along the surface of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified epithelial tissue consists of multiple layers of cells, providing protection and enabling the division of cells at deeper layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue is characterized by a large amount of extracellular matrix containing fibers and ground substances that support and bind other tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes contain enzymes that function as an intracellular digestive system, breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hypotonic solution causes cells to swell as water enters the cell due to a lower concentration of solutes outside.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis and storage of calcium ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transitional epithelium consists of several layers of cells that can stretch, allowing it to line cavities that can expand, such as the urinary bladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Composed of two or more tissue types performing similar functions.

Consists of related organs that work together for a common function.

The largest level of structural organization, forming a complete organism.

Body erect, feet apart, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away.

Smallest structural level, includes atoms and molecules necessary for life.

Formed by the combination of molecules; cells are basic units of life.

Groups of cells working together to perform a specific function.

Superior means above/towards the head; Inferior means below/away from the head.

Body cavity housing the lungs and heart.

Space surrounding each lung within the thoracic cavity.

Cavity comprised of abdominal and pelvic organs.

Membrane lining the internal walls of body cavities.

Fluid that separates parietal and visceral serosa.

Nearer to or at the front of the body.

Nearer to or at the back of the body.

Closer to the mid-line of the body.

Further away from the mid-line of the body.

Between two structures in the body.

Closer to the surface of the body.

Further from the surface of the body.

Divides the body into right and left regions.

Joints that allow for free movement, lubricated by synovial fluid.

Transport of substances across the membrane via protein carriers, no energy required.

Property of the plasma membrane to allow certain substances in while blocking others.

Movement of substances across a membrane without energy input from the cell.

Process that uses energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Involuntary, non-striated muscle found in hollow organs.

Voluntary, striated muscle attached to bones for movement.

Striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart.

Flexible connective tissue, provides support and cushioning in joints.

Includes hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic, differing in strength and flexibility.

Hard, mineralized tissue supporting the body structure, contains living cells.

The basic unit of nervous tissue; conducts signals throughout the body.

Supporting cells in the nervous system that protect and support neurons.

Molecule that provides metabolic energy for cellular processes.

Process where molecules scatter from high to low concentration areas due to kinetic energy.

Unassisted diffusion of lipid-soluble substances through the plasma membrane.

The diffusion of water across a membrane from high to low concentration.

Has a lower concentration of solutes, causing cells to swell.

Has a higher concentration of solutes, causing cells to shrink.

Equal concentration of solutes; cell volume remains unchanged.

Site of protein synthesis within the cell.

Site for lipid synthesis and calcium storage.

Packages and distributes proteins and lipids from ER.

Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.

Break down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide.

Hair-like structures that move materials along cell surfaces.

Long, whip-like structures used for cell movement.

Tissue that supports, binds, and protects other tissues and organs.