Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, while physiology focuses on the functions and processes of these structures.

The levels are: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment, critical for the proper functioning of cells and systems.

<p>Negative feedback reduces deviation from a set point, while positive feedback amplifies changes in the same direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major organ systems include the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, and muscular systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomical terms provide a standardized language to clearly communicate the locations and relationships of body parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major body cavities include the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities, each lined by serous membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gross anatomy involves studying large, visible structures to understand the organization and relationships of body parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cell is the smallest living unit of life in an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organ systems work together to monitor and adjust physiological variables, such as body temperature and fluid composition, to maintain homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism where the response of an effector opposes the original stimulus to restore a stable internal state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three components are receptors, the control center, and effectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organs serve as functional units composed of multiple tissue types working together to perform specific tasks within organ systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homeostasis is significant because it ensures that the body functions within its normal range, preventing organ dysfunction and disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In temperature regulation, sensors detect body temperature changes and the control center sends commands to effectors, like sweating or blood flow adjustments, to correct the deviation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function, whereas cells are the individual units of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regional anatomy focuses on specific areas of the body, while systemic anatomy studies groups of organs that work together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developmental anatomy studies structural changes from fertilized egg to maturity, and embryology specifically focuses on early development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two major divisions of microscopic anatomy are cytology and histology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four basic divisions of physiology are cell physiology, special physiology, systemic physiology, and pathological physiology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical anatomy includes the study of anatomical changes due to illness, relating closely to various medical specialties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scientific method helps in observing and understanding gross and microscopic anatomy and physiology to inform medical practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two layers are the parietal layer and the visceral layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic physiology concentrates on the cooperative functions of all organs within an organ system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pleural cavity contains the lungs, and its membranes are called visceral and parietal pleura.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms are the smallest functional units of matter in the levels of organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diaphragm muscle divides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One organ found in the abdominal cavity is the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pelvic cavity contains the intestine, bladder, and reproductive organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive feedback enhances the initial stimulus, as seen in blood clotting where a small clot attracts more platelets to form a larger clot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During childbirth, contractions intensify and become closer together, effectively amplifying the process of delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In standard anatomical position, the hands are at the sides with palms facing forward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Proximal' describes a position that is closer to the central region or point of attachment of a limb to the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main sectional planes are the sagittal, frontal (coronal), and transverse planes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body cavities protect internal organs, keep them in place, and allow them to change size and shape as needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Anterior' refers to the front of the body, while 'posterior' refers to the back.</p> Signup and view all the answers