HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of viral herpes?

Skin eruption

When a boxer gets hit, which structure is commonly affected if there is a deviated septum?

Vomer

Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory?

Pharynx

A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in?

Arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers Signup and view all the answers

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

Hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes endocrine glands?

They secrete chemicals into the blood, affecting growth, metabolism, sexual development, and function. Signup and view all the answers

Diet is important because bones are storage places for?

Calcium & phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and urinary system?

Urethra Signup and view all the answers

Ligaments provide which connection?

Bone to bone Signup and view all the answers

Which structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

Ureter Signup and view all the answers

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?

Lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

As part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to reabsorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?

Osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

Sweat on the skin's surface cools the body through which process?

Evaporation Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian, what should the nurse ask if she has an unusual skin color?

If she has eaten a large amount of carrot and squash Signup and view all the answers

Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

Palms facing anterior Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a ball & socket joint?

Shoulder Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus & stapes?

Skull & ear Signup and view all the answers

What are like cells grouped together called?

Tissue Signup and view all the answers

The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?

Popliteal Signup and view all the answers

Ceruminous (apocrine) glands secrete?

Earwax Signup and view all the answers

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

Hinge Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated/increased?

Cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?

Oral cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in & out of a cell?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

The mediastinum is located within which cavity?

Thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter?

Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?

H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thrombocytes (platelets)?

Blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the outer side surface of the lower extremity?

Vastus lateralis Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located on the sternum?

Xiphoid process Signup and view all the answers

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?

Head / skull Signup and view all the answers

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is commonly known as the 'Master Gland'?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

Ligament Signup and view all the answers

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?

Eccrine gland Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about bone?

Osteoblasts build up bone, Epiphysial is the end of the bone, Diaphysis is the shaft of the bone. Signup and view all the answers

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?

Eye (in front of eye, between the lens & cornea) Signup and view all the answers

The malleus, incus & stapes are located in which part of the body?

Ear Signup and view all the answers

Dorsiflexion & plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?

Foot Signup and view all the answers

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

Pulmonary vein Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?

Temporal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

Cochlea Signup and view all the answers

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

Fallopian tubes Signup and view all the answers

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?

Lower leg Signup and view all the answers

An overproduction of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?

External ear and canals Signup and view all the answers

The mitral valve is located between which two structures?

Left ventricle and left atrium Signup and view all the answers

The olfactory nerve is associated with which sense?

Smell Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?

Vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Hormones produced by the ovaries?

Estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?

Sagittal Signup and view all the answers

What are the two divisions that make up the nervous system?

PNS & CNS Signup and view all the answers

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing?

Epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe movement of arms and legs away from the midline of the body?

Abduction Signup and view all the answers

Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?

Carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin and ADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

Carry oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates chemoreceptors to function?

Rise in CO2; fall in O2 Signup and view all the answers

Which condition causes a client to say, 'I can't see far away'?

Nearsightedness Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell; synthesize carbs & glycoproteins. Signup and view all the answers

What organ produces insulin?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Fertilization occurs in the?

Oviduct Signup and view all the answers

When drawing blood from the antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?

Median cubital Signup and view all the answers

What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?

Testosterone and estrogen Signup and view all the answers

Increased rate of breathing results in what blood pH change?

Alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Regulates balance and thermoregulation Signup and view all the answers

How many grams of carbohydrates do carbs contain?

4 Signup and view all the answers

When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this process is called?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?

Body becomes more acidic Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body is the lower back?

Lumbar Signup and view all the answers

High levels of which ion would most likely result in cardiac arrest?

Potassium Signup and view all the answers

What blood vessels perfuse the kidney?

Renal vein Signup and view all the answers

What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?

Thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis?

Macrophages and neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What structure of the eye picks out color?

Retina Signup and view all the answers

What is the most protective layer of the skin?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

The organ of Corti is located in the?

Ear Signup and view all the answers

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

The Rough ER functions in human cells to?

Synthesize proteins Signup and view all the answers

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of chyme?

Semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers Signup and view all the answers

What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, & progesterone?

Ovaries Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?

Cilia Signup and view all the answers

Which is a hollow organ?

Gall bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle(s) is included in the quadriceps femoris group?

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

Client has a large pituitary tumor, what part of the body does this affect?

Low blood pressure, sickness, head hurting, vision problems Signup and view all the answers

Which structures produce B-lymphocytes?

Red bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when sympathetic nervous system stimulation is increased?

Blood pressure rises & goose bumps Signup and view all the answers

The buttocks are which surface of the body?

Dorsal Signup and view all the answers

The esophagus is located in which body cavity?

Thoracic Signup and view all the answers

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?

External auditory canal & middle ear Signup and view all the answers

How many days is the average menstrual cycle?

28 days Signup and view all the answers

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?

Thymus Signup and view all the answers

Calcaneus is located in?

Foot Signup and view all the answers

The urinary system in the human body’s primary task is to?

Expel waste Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

Corpus luteum Signup and view all the answers

What are fingerprints made of?

Friction ridges Signup and view all the answers

What is the ABCD of cancer?

Melanoma Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Viral Herpes

Characterized by skin eruptions.

Deviated Septum

Commonly found in boxers due to impact.
Involves the vomer bone in the nose.

Upper Respiratory Structures

Includes the pharynx.

Ulnar Nerve Damage

Causes decreased sensation in the arm.
Leads to an inability to abduct arms and fingers.

Hyoid Bone

Unique for not articulating with any other bone.

Endocrine Glands

Secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
Influence growth, metabolism, and sexual functions.

Bone Nutrition

Bones act as storage for calcium and phosphorus.

Urethra

Serves a dual role in the male reproductive and urinary systems.

Ligaments

Connective tissues that link bone to bone.

Urinary System Pathway

Ureters conduct urine from kidneys to the bladder.

Anaerobic Respiration

Produces lactic acid, causing a burning sensation during exertion.

Negative Feedback and Bone Reabsorption

Osteoclasts are stimulated to reabsorb bone matrix when blood calcium decreases.

Body Cooling Mechanism

Sweat cools the body via evaporation.

Vegetarian Diet and Skin Color

High consumption of carrots and squash can lead to unusual skin color in vegetarians.

Anatomical Position

Palms face anterior when in an anatomical standing position.

Joint Types

The shoulder exhibits a ball-and-socket joint structure.
The elbow is classified as a hinge joint.

Ear Anatomy

Malleus, incus, and stapes are housed within the skull and ear.

Cellular Organization

Cells grouped together form tissue.

Popliteal Pulse

Located behind the knee over the popliteal artery.

Ceruminous Glands

Secretions result in earwax production.

Heart Regulation

The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland" for hormonal control.

Nutrient Absorption

Nutrients are primarily absorbed in the small intestine.

Blood Component Functions

Thrombocytes (platelets) are essential for clotting.

Muscle Identification

Vastus lateralis is the outer muscle of the quadriceps group.

Cardiovascular Pathway

Blood returns from the lungs via the pulmonary vein.

Brain Functionality

The temporal lobe processes auditory information.

Reproductive Anatomy

Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes (uterine tubes).

Hormonal Functions

Estrogen and progesterone are produced by the ovaries.
Testosterone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair.

Fluid Dynamics

Osmosis refers to water movement across membranes from high to low concentration.
Increased breathing rates lead to alkalosis and elevated blood pH.

Skin Structure

The epidermis serves as the skin's most protective layer.

Nervous System Divisions

Comprised of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS).

Vision and Eye Function

The retina is responsible for color detection.

Nutrition for Repair

A protein-rich diet enhances tissue repair processes.

Insulin Production

The pancreas is the organ responsible for insulin secretion.

Blood Circulation

The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

Reproductive Cycle

The average menstrual cycle lasts approximately 28 days.

Cancer Assessment

The ABCD rule helps in melanoma identification:
- Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter.

Kidney Function

The renal vein is vital for blood flow through the kidneys, filtering waste.

Immunological Response

B-lymphocytes are produced in red bone marrow, while T-lymphocytes originate from the thymus.

Skeletal Components

The calcaneus is located in the foot and is critical for mobility.

Body Systems

The primary task of the urinary system is waste expulsion.

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Description

Test your knowledge of anatomy and physiology with these flashcards designed for HESI A2 preparation. Each card covers key concepts including viral infections, the respiratory system, and nerve damage. Perfect for students aiming to strengthen their understanding of the subject.