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Define Anatomy and Physiology.
Define Anatomy and Physiology.
Anatomy is the science of structure and the relationships among structures, while Physiology is the science of body functions and how body parts function.
What are the levels of structural organization of the human body?
What are the levels of structural organization of the human body?
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism.
Which of the following are divisions of Anatomy? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are divisions of Anatomy? (Select all that apply)
What is the Normal Anatomical Position?
What is the Normal Anatomical Position?
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What are the two major body cavities?
What are the two major body cavities?
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Metabolism refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.
Metabolism refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.
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Which organ system is responsible for transporting materials in the body via blood?
Which organ system is responsible for transporting materials in the body via blood?
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What is the function of the Respiratory system?
What is the function of the Respiratory system?
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What is homeostasis?
What is homeostasis?
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Match the following body movements with their definitions:
Match the following body movements with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
- Anatomy is the science of structure and the relationships among body structures.
- Physiology studies body functions and how various parts work.
- Structure typically informs function, illustrating the connection between anatomy and physiology.
Levels of Study in Anatomy
- Gross Anatomy: Focuses on large, visible structures of the body.
- Microscopic Anatomy/Histology: Examines small structures that require a microscope to view.
- Neuroanatomy: Studies the nervous system's features and development.
- Embryology: Investigates the development of the human body from fertilization to birth.
Divisions of Physiology
- Includes various specializations such as cell physiology, neurophysiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular physiology, respiratory physiology, renal physiology, endocrinology, and exercise physiology.
Organ Systems Overview
- Integumentary System: Protects body, synthesizes vitamin D, and contains nerve receptors.
- Skeletal System: Provides structure, protects organs, enables movement, and forms blood cells.
- Muscular System: Facilitates movement, maintains posture, and generates heat.
- Nervous System: Acts as a control system responding to changes and activating muscles and glands.
- Endocrine System: Secretes hormones regulating growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
- Cardiovascular System: Transports nutrients, gases, and wastes via blood circulation.
- Lymphatic System: Returns fluids to blood, disposes of debris, and supports immunity.
- Respiratory System: Ensures oxygen supply and removes carbon dioxide.
- Digestive System: Breaks down food for nutrient absorption and eliminates waste.
- Urinary System: Eliminates nitrogenous wastes and regulates fluid and electrolyte balance.
- Reproductive System: Responsible for offspring production.
Anatomical Terminology
- Employs specific terms for accuracy in discussing position, direction, regions, and structures.
- Anatomical Position: Standing erect, facing forward, arms at sides with palms forward, feet together.
Anatomical Planes
- Median/Midsagittal Plane: Divides body into equal right and left halves.
- Sagittal Plane: Divides body into unequal right and left portions.
- Coronal/Frontal Plane: Divides body into front and back sections.
Orientation and Directional Terms
- Superficial: Closer to the body surface.
- Deep: Farther from the body surface.
- Ipsilateral: Same side of the body.
- Contralateral: Opposite side of the body.
Body Movements
- Flexion: Decreases the angle between body parts.
- Extension: Increases the angle between body parts, straightening the joint.
- Rotation: Moves a body part around its long axis.
- Abduction: Moves away from the body's midline.
- Adduction: Moves toward the body's midline.
- Circumduction: Conical movement at joints.
Special Movements
- Protraction: Moves body part forward.
- Retraction: Moves body part backward.
- Elevation: Raises a body part.
- Depression: Lowers a body part.
- Supination: Forearm turns outward, palm facing up.
- Pronation: Forearm turns inward, palm facing down.
- Inversion: Foot turns inward.
- Eversion: Foot turns outward.
Body Cavities
- Dorsal Cavity: Includes cranial and vertebral cavities.
- Ventral Cavity: Comprises thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions
- The body is divided into quadrants and regions for clarity in locating organs and describing conditions.
Life Processes
- Metabolism: Sum of all chemical reactions in the body.
- Responsiveness: Ability to detect and react to changes.
- Movement: Includes motions of the body, organs, cells, and organelles.
- Growth: Increase in body size through cell size or number increase.
- Differentiation: Unspecialized cells becoming specialized.
- Reproduction: New cell formation for growth or repair.
Homeostasis
- The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes, crucial for survival and function.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of anatomy and physiology, including the structure and function relationship within the human body. This quiz covers various levels of study, including gross, microscopic, and neuroanatomy, as well as the major divisions of physiology. Test your knowledge on the organ systems and their functions.
