Introduction à la théorie de l'information

Introduction to Information and Communication Theory

• Jean-Baptiste Dussert, professor, discussed information and communication theories.
• The terms "information" and "communication" are often used interchangeably, but "science" implies more ambition than "theory".
• Information and communication studies became a recognized academic field in 1971, part of the Conseil National des Universités (CNU) with section 71.
• The field is interdisciplinary, drawing on various subjects like journalism, advertising, publishing, and communication studies.

The Foundations of a New Discipline

• Information and Communication Theory (ICT) initially arose in the context of broader academic disciplines.
• It's a recent field which combines various theoretical elements.
• The field draws on ancient Greek philosophy, where theory and practice were seen as separate concepts (theory = contemplation, practice = action).
• There's a historical tension between theoretical knowledge and practical application in the field of ICT, particularly evident when considering the rise of technological advancements like computers and the internet.

The Nature of Science

• Ancient Greek thought distinguished between myths and rational explanations, leading to a pursuit of abstract reasoning in science.
• The democratic nature of ancient Greek city-states is connected to the development of scientific thought as citizens sought explanations not based on divine authority.
• The concept of "theory" has evolved from a detached contemplation of abstract concepts to a more practical and empirical approach.
• The rise of modern science is intertwined with the importance given to observing and experimenting to understand natural phenomena.

Communication and Information as a Social Phenomenon

• Information and communication, viewed as social activities, aren't merely about transmitting data; they involve shaping perception and influencing individuals.
• The presentation of information often serves a wider social purpose, including political maneuvering and shaping ideas.
• Information and communication are influenced by, and in turn influence, prevailing social structures.
• Different eras and cultures have different ways of understanding and employing information and communication.

Key Figures and Concepts

• Foucault's work on knowledge and power is relevant to understanding how societies shape communication.
• Kuhn's concepts like "paradigm shifts" can be applied to shifts in communication theory over time.
• The distinction between "science" and "theory" as approaches to understanding information and communication continues to be debated.

Ce quiz explore les concepts fondamentaux de la théorie de l'information et de la communication, une discipline académique interdisciplinaire. Nous examinerons son évolution depuis ses débuts et son lien avec d'autres domaines tels que le journalisme et la publicité.