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Questions and Answers
What percentage of body fluid is typically found in adults?
Which of the following is NOT a type of extracellular fluid?
What is a primary solute of extracellular fluid?
Which of the following solutions is classified as hypertonic?
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What is the primary function of intracellular fluid?
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Which solution would be considered a hypotonic solution?
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In what situation is intravenous therapy primarily used?
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What is one major benefit of intravenous therapy compared to oral administration?
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What is hand hygiene?
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Which of the following materials are needed for hand hygiene? (Select all that apply)
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Hand hygiene can be delegated to health care workers.
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When should alcohol-based products be used?
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Natural fingernails should be kept ____ and trimmed often.
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What should health care providers do when they observe someone not following required hand hygiene?
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Which method should be used to wash hands?
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How long should one wash hands using the soap and water method?
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What should be done with paper towels after drying hands?
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When should soap and water be used instead of hand sanitizer?
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Study Notes
Overview of Intravenous Therapy
- Intravenous therapy infuses solutions, medications, blood, or blood products directly into a vein.
- It is a fast and effective treatment method, especially in emergencies or for patients unable to take oral medications.
- Approximately 80% of hospitalized patients receive intravenous therapy.
Purposes/Uses of IV Therapy
- Maintains patients who cannot consume nutrients orally.
- Replaces water and electrolytes more rapidly than oral methods.
- Allows immediate access to the vascular system for swift solution delivery without gastrointestinal tract delay.
- Provides a route for medication and blood component administration.
Body Fluid Distribution
- Infants have 70-80% body fluid, adults have 60%, and the elderly have around 50%.
Body Fluid Compartments
-
Intracellular Fluid (ICF) (60%):
- Water is inside the cells, rich in potassium (K).
- Provides the internal medium necessary for cellular chemical functions.
-
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) (40%):
- Water outside the cells, primarily composed of sodium (Na).
- Functions include nutrient transport, waste removal, heat regulation, and joint lubrication.
- Subdivided into:
- Interstitial Fluid: Between cells (considered the "third space").
- Intravascular Fluid: Inside blood vessels (circulation).
- Transcellular Fluid: Includes aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, gastric juices, and pleural/cardiac fluids.
Crystalloid Solutions
-
Hypotonic Solutions (< 0.9%):
- Examples: 0.225% NaCl, 0.33% NaCl, 0.45% NaCl, D5 Water if >200 mL.
-
Isotonic Solutions (0.9%):
- Examples: Normal saline (PNSS), 0.7% NaCl, Ringer’s lactate (PLR), D5 with 0.9% NaCl.
-
Hypertonic Solutions (> 0.9%):
- Examples: D50% Water, D10% Water, D5% 0.45% NaCl.
Hand Hygiene Overview
- Hand hygiene is a method to clean hands, significantly reducing harmful microorganisms.
- Essential for preventing the spread of infections in healthcare settings.
Purpose of Hand Hygiene
- Prevents the transmission of microorganisms.
- Standard practice in patient care to ensure safety and health.
Resources and Materials
- Required materials include soap, warm running water, paper towels, and alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
Interprofessional Collaboration and Delegation
- Mandatory for all healthcare workers interacting with patients; non-delegable task.
- Nurses should advocate for compliance when observing breaches in hand hygiene protocol.
Evidence-Based Practice
- Alcohol-based sanitizers are ineffective on visibly soiled hands.
- Natural fingernails should be kept short to maintain hygiene.
- Non-compliance with CDC guidelines contributes to rising hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
Handwashing Procedure: Soap and Water Method
- Introduce self and educate the patient to foster trust and ease anxiety.
- Use medium flow cold or warm water to avoid splashing while effectively cleaning.
- Wet hands with fingers pointed downward to minimize contamination.
- Apply soap and lather for 20 seconds using a specific order to ensure thorough cleaning.
- Clean palms, backs of hands, wrists, between fingers, and under nails using friction.
Rinsing and Drying
- Rinse from wrist to fingertips with fingers pointing down.
- Dry thoroughly with clean paper towels using a patting motion to prevent moisture retention.
- Dispose of paper towels properly to reduce contamination risk.
- Turn off the faucet with a paper towel to avoid re-contaminating hands.
Hand Hygiene: Sanitizer Method
- Use hand sanitizer when hands are not visibly soiled, ensuring effective disinfection.
- Apply sanitizer to one hand and rub palms, backs, and wrists until dry.
- Avoid air-drying; friction from rubbing enhances effectiveness.
- Do not put on gloves until hands are completely dry to prevent moisture build-up.
Important Considerations
- Hands must be cleaned with soap and water in case of visible dirt or specific infections.
- Proper hand hygiene practices are vital in healthcare to minimize infection risks.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of intravenous therapy, including its definition, purpose, and importance in medical treatments. Learn how intravenous solutions, medications, and blood products are administered directly into a patient's vein, especially in emergency situations. Gain insights into the significance of this method for hospital patients.
