Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of body fluid is typically found in adults?
What percentage of body fluid is typically found in adults?
Which of the following is NOT a type of extracellular fluid?
Which of the following is NOT a type of extracellular fluid?
What is a primary solute of extracellular fluid?
What is a primary solute of extracellular fluid?
Which of the following solutions is classified as hypertonic?
Which of the following solutions is classified as hypertonic?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of intracellular fluid?
What is the primary function of intracellular fluid?
Signup and view all the answers
Which solution would be considered a hypotonic solution?
Which solution would be considered a hypotonic solution?
Signup and view all the answers
In what situation is intravenous therapy primarily used?
In what situation is intravenous therapy primarily used?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one major benefit of intravenous therapy compared to oral administration?
What is one major benefit of intravenous therapy compared to oral administration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is hand hygiene?
What is hand hygiene?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following materials are needed for hand hygiene? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following materials are needed for hand hygiene? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
Hand hygiene can be delegated to health care workers.
Hand hygiene can be delegated to health care workers.
Signup and view all the answers
When should alcohol-based products be used?
When should alcohol-based products be used?
Signup and view all the answers
Natural fingernails should be kept ____ and trimmed often.
Natural fingernails should be kept ____ and trimmed often.
Signup and view all the answers
What should health care providers do when they observe someone not following required hand hygiene?
What should health care providers do when they observe someone not following required hand hygiene?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method should be used to wash hands?
Which method should be used to wash hands?
Signup and view all the answers
How long should one wash hands using the soap and water method?
How long should one wash hands using the soap and water method?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done with paper towels after drying hands?
What should be done with paper towels after drying hands?
Signup and view all the answers
When should soap and water be used instead of hand sanitizer?
When should soap and water be used instead of hand sanitizer?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Overview of Intravenous Therapy
- Intravenous therapy infuses solutions, medications, blood, or blood products directly into a vein.
- It is a fast and effective treatment method, especially in emergencies or for patients unable to take oral medications.
- Approximately 80% of hospitalized patients receive intravenous therapy.
Purposes/Uses of IV Therapy
- Maintains patients who cannot consume nutrients orally.
- Replaces water and electrolytes more rapidly than oral methods.
- Allows immediate access to the vascular system for swift solution delivery without gastrointestinal tract delay.
- Provides a route for medication and blood component administration.
Body Fluid Distribution
- Infants have 70-80% body fluid, adults have 60%, and the elderly have around 50%.
Body Fluid Compartments
-
Intracellular Fluid (ICF) (60%):
- Water is inside the cells, rich in potassium (K).
- Provides the internal medium necessary for cellular chemical functions.
-
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) (40%):
- Water outside the cells, primarily composed of sodium (Na).
- Functions include nutrient transport, waste removal, heat regulation, and joint lubrication.
- Subdivided into:
- Interstitial Fluid: Between cells (considered the "third space").
- Intravascular Fluid: Inside blood vessels (circulation).
- Transcellular Fluid: Includes aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, gastric juices, and pleural/cardiac fluids.
Crystalloid Solutions
-
Hypotonic Solutions (< 0.9%):
- Examples: 0.225% NaCl, 0.33% NaCl, 0.45% NaCl, D5 Water if >200 mL.
-
Isotonic Solutions (0.9%):
- Examples: Normal saline (PNSS), 0.7% NaCl, Ringer’s lactate (PLR), D5 with 0.9% NaCl.
-
Hypertonic Solutions (> 0.9%):
- Examples: D50% Water, D10% Water, D5% 0.45% NaCl.
Hand Hygiene Overview
- Hand hygiene is a method to clean hands, significantly reducing harmful microorganisms.
- Essential for preventing the spread of infections in healthcare settings.
Purpose of Hand Hygiene
- Prevents the transmission of microorganisms.
- Standard practice in patient care to ensure safety and health.
Resources and Materials
- Required materials include soap, warm running water, paper towels, and alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
Interprofessional Collaboration and Delegation
- Mandatory for all healthcare workers interacting with patients; non-delegable task.
- Nurses should advocate for compliance when observing breaches in hand hygiene protocol.
Evidence-Based Practice
- Alcohol-based sanitizers are ineffective on visibly soiled hands.
- Natural fingernails should be kept short to maintain hygiene.
- Non-compliance with CDC guidelines contributes to rising hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
Handwashing Procedure: Soap and Water Method
- Introduce self and educate the patient to foster trust and ease anxiety.
- Use medium flow cold or warm water to avoid splashing while effectively cleaning.
- Wet hands with fingers pointed downward to minimize contamination.
- Apply soap and lather for 20 seconds using a specific order to ensure thorough cleaning.
- Clean palms, backs of hands, wrists, between fingers, and under nails using friction.
Rinsing and Drying
- Rinse from wrist to fingertips with fingers pointing down.
- Dry thoroughly with clean paper towels using a patting motion to prevent moisture retention.
- Dispose of paper towels properly to reduce contamination risk.
- Turn off the faucet with a paper towel to avoid re-contaminating hands.
Hand Hygiene: Sanitizer Method
- Use hand sanitizer when hands are not visibly soiled, ensuring effective disinfection.
- Apply sanitizer to one hand and rub palms, backs, and wrists until dry.
- Avoid air-drying; friction from rubbing enhances effectiveness.
- Do not put on gloves until hands are completely dry to prevent moisture build-up.
Important Considerations
- Hands must be cleaned with soap and water in case of visible dirt or specific infections.
- Proper hand hygiene practices are vital in healthcare to minimize infection risks.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the basics of intravenous therapy, including its definition, purpose, and importance in medical treatments. Learn how intravenous solutions, medications, and blood products are administered directly into a patient's vein, especially in emergency situations. Gain insights into the significance of this method for hospital patients.
