IV Therapy- Final PDF

INTRAVENOUS THERAPY PREPARED BY: MARILYN P. APAL, RN WHAT IS INTRAVENOUS THERAPY? It is treatment that infuses intravenous solutions, medications, blood, or blood products directly into a vein (Perry, Potter, & Ostendorf, 2014). Intravenous therapy is an effective and fast-acting way...

INTRAVENOUS THERAPY PREPARED BY: MARILYN P. APAL, RN WHAT IS INTRAVENOUS THERAPY? It is treatment that infuses intravenous solutions, medications, blood, or blood products directly into a vein (Perry, Potter, & Ostendorf, 2014). Intravenous therapy is an effective and fast-acting way to administer fluid or medication treatment in an emergency situation, and for patients who are unable to take medications orally. Approximately 80% of all patients in the hospital setting will receive intravenous therapy.  PURPOSES/ USES IV therapy is used to sustain clients who are unable to take substances/ nutrients orally. IV therapy replaces water, electrolytes more rapidly than oral administration. IV therapy provides immediate access to the vascular system for the rapid delivery of specific solutions without the time required for GIT absorption. IV therapy provides a vascular access route for the administration of medications or blood components FLUIDS/ WATER ∙ Distributed in: ⮚ Infant – 70 to 80 % ⮚ Adult – 60 % ⮚ Elder – 50 % BODY FLUID COMPARTMENT: ∙ Intracellular Fluid (ICF) =60% ⮚ Water inside the cell , abundant in Potassium (K) DOES NOT INCLUDE IN CIRCULATION ∙ Extracellular Fluid (ECF) = 40% , primary solute is Sodium (Na) ⮚ Interstitial Fluid – between the cells and in tissues (Third Space/ Edema) ⮚ Intravascular Fluid – Inside the blood vessel (CIRCULATION) ⮚ Transcellular – Aqueous Humor, CSF, Saliva, Gastric Juices, Pleural/Cardiac INTRACELLULAR SPACE (ICF) ▪ fluids INSIDE/within the cells ▪ abundant in Potassium (K) ▪ Functions: provides cell with the internal medium necessary for its chemical function ◼DOES NOT INCLUDE CIRCULATION. EXTRACELLULAR SPACE (ECF) ◼Fluids OUTSIDE the cells ◼primary solute is Sodium (Na) ◼Function: transports nutrients, electrolytes, and oxygen to cells, carries waste products for excretion, regulates heat, lubricates and cushions joints and membranes CRYSTALLOID SOLUTIONS CRYSTALLOID SOLUTIONS  CRYSTALLOID SOLUTIONS HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC HYPERTONIC < 0.9 % 0.9 % > 0.9 % 0.225 % NaCL PNSS D50 % Water 0.33 % NaCL 0.7 % NaCL D10 % Water 0.45 % NaCL PLR D5 + 0.9 % NaCL D5 Water if >200 mL D5 Water (exemption if D5 0.45 % NaCL