Interpreting Blood Gas Results - Worked Examples and Practice

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Questions and Answers

What is the likely primary cause of the 55-year-old patient's pH of 7.28, PaCO2 of 90, and HCO3 of 44?

  • Respiratory alkalosis
  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Respiratory acidosis (correct)
  • Metabolic acidosis

In the case of the 22-year-old patient with a pH of 7.55, PaCO2 of 20, and HCO3 of 24, what is the likely primary cause?

  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Respiratory alkalosis (correct)
  • Respiratory acidosis

For the 33-year-old patient with a pH of 6.95, PaCO2 of 17, and HCO3 of 6, what is the likely primary cause of the acidosis?

  • Respiratory alkalosis
  • Metabolic acidosis (correct)
  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Respiratory acidosis

What is the probable diagnosis for the 65-year-old with a pH of 7.17, PaCO2 of 75, and HCO3 of 28?

<p>Respiratory acidosis (C)</p>
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In the case of the 72-year-old patient with a pH of 7.55, PaCO2 of 50, and HCO3 of 40, what is the likely primary cause?

<p>Metabolic alkalosis (D)</p>
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Which condition is indicated in the 33-year-old patient with DKA based on a pH of 6.95, PaCO2 of 17, and HCO3 of 6?

<p>Metabolic acidosis (D)</p>
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What is the main principle behind the concept of anion gap?

<p>Relationship between unmeasured anions and acids (C)</p>
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In metabolic acidosis with a widened anion gap, which of the following is most likely responsible?

<p>Toxic alcohol ingestion (D)</p>
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Which of the following conditions is associated with metabolic alkalosis?

<p>Vomiting (D)</p>
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What is the key difference between respiratory compensation and metabolic compensation in acid-base disturbances?

<p>Speed of compensation (D)</p>
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Which common condition is most likely to cause a normal anion gap acidosis?

<p>Aldosterone antagonists (A)</p>
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How does the presence of unmeasured anions affect the anion gap in metabolic acidosis?

<p>Increases the anion gap (C)</p>
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Which of the following conditions can lead to respiratory acidosis?

<p>Obstructive lung diseases like COPD or obstructive sleep apnea (D)</p>
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What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis?

<p>Increased production of endogenous acids like ketoacids or lactic acid (B)</p>
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Which of the following conditions can lead to respiratory alkalosis?

<p>Hyperventilation due to pain, anxiety, or hypoxia (C)</p>
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What is a potential cause of metabolic alkalosis?

<p>Excessive vomiting leading to loss of hydrochloric acid (B)</p>
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

<p>Increased production of endogenous acids like ketoacids (B)</p>
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Which of the following conditions can lead to a compensatory respiratory alkalosis?

<p>Metabolic acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (B)</p>
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