Internet vs World Wide Web Overview
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Questions and Answers

What describes the primary function of the internet?

  • A network of interconnected networks using TCP/IP. (correct)
  • A text address used to locate websites.
  • A protocol to access and retrieve multimedia documents.
  • A collection of web pages stored on servers.

    • Which of the following correctly describes the purpose of a URL?

  • A numeric address used directly to access web servers.
  • A text address that provides a path to access websites. (correct)
  • A protocol that defines the format of web pages.
  • A browser extension that manages internet connections.

    • What is the main function of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?

  • To establish a connection between different IP addresses.
  • To secure data transmission over the internet.
  • To enable the transfer of multimedia web pages. (correct)
  • To assign unique addresses to web servers.

    • What differentiates a session cookie from a persistent cookie?

    <p>Persistent cookies remain stored even after the browser is closed, while session cookies do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how web pages are retrieved when a URL is entered?

    <p>The browser sends a request to the server using HTTP and displays the response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the second DNS server play in the mapping process?

    <p>It maps the URL to the corresponding IP address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about cookies?

    <p>Cookies are small files stored on a user's computer by a web server.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a persistent cookie from a session cookie?

    <p>Persistent cookies remain on the computer after the browser is closed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a use of cookies?

    <p>Automatically deleting all user data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after the user's computer receives the IP address from the DNS server?

    <p>The communication with the website server is established.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the padlock symbol next to a URL in web browsers indicate?

    <p>The data connection is secure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about HTTPS is true?

    <p>It uses SSL or TLS to secure connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does DNS play in internet browsing?

    <p>It maps domain names to IP addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of web browsers?

    <p>Encrypting data packets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using a URL instead of an IP address?

    <p>URLs are more human-readable and easier to remember.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a DNS server cannot find a URL in its database?

    <p>It sends a request to another DNS server.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is primarily used for data transfer of web pages that may contain sensitive information?

    <p>HTTPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correctly describes how a browser accesses a webpage?

    <p>It translates the URL into an IP address using DNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Internet vs World Wide Web

    • The internet is a vast network of interconnected networks (using hardware), while the World Wide Web is essentially a collection of web pages and documents (information).
    • The internet uses TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) for communication.
    • The WWW uses the internet to access information from servers and other computers.
    • The WWW uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for communication.

    Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

    • URLs are text addresses used to access websites.
    • URLs provide a human-readable form for accessing websites.
    • URLs replace the need for remembering IP addresses.

    URL Format

    • The general format of a URL is: protocol://website address/path/filename
    • protocol: typically http or https
    • website address:
      • domain host (e.g., www)
      • domain name (e.g., cambridgeinternational.org)
      • domain type (e.g., .com, .org, .net, .gov, or country codes like .mu, .uk)
    • path: specifies the web page directory (omitted for root directory)
    • filename: identifies the specific item on the web page.

    HTTP and HTTPS

    • Data packets are transmitted across the internet using various protocols.
    • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) handles the transfer of web pages.
    • HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) ensures secure data connections between servers and user computers.
    • HTTPS uses SSL (Secure Socket Layer)/TLS (Transport Layer Security) to encrypt data during transmission.
    • HTTPS websites can be identified by a padlock icon next to the URL in web browsers.

    Web Browser Functions

    • Web browsers act as software to display web pages on a user's screen.
    • They interpret HTML code from websites and translate it into visible content.
    • Web browsers offer features such as:
      • bookmarking and saving favorites
      • recording user history
      • using multiple tabs
      • storing cookies
      • providing navigation tools and an address bar

    Web Pages and Hosting

    • Web pages are written in HTML and hosted on web servers.
    • Each web server has a unique IP address.
    • To access a webpage, a browser needs to know the IP address of the web server, but it's easier to use a URL.

    Domain Name Service (DNS)

    • DNS is a technology used to manage public names of websites and internet domains.
    • It replaces the need for users to memorize IP addresses.
    • DNS servers store a database that maps URLs to the corresponding IP addresses.

    DNS Process for Converting a URL to IP Address

    • When a user enters a URL (e.g., www.google.com) in their browser, the DNS server is queried for the website's corresponding IP address.
    • If the DNS server doesn't have the URL in its cache, it requests the information from another DNS server.
    • Once the IP address is found, it's sent back to the user's computer.
    • The computer establishes communication with the website server and downloads the required web pages.
    • The browser interprets the HTML and displays the information on the user's screen.

    Cookies

    • Cookies are small files or code stored on a user's computer.
    • Web servers send these cookies to browsers.
    • Cookies are used for various purposes:
      • Saving user preferences
      • Tracking user preferences for webpage personalization
      • Storing login details
      • Storing items in online shopping carts

    Session and Persistent Cookies

    • There are two main types of cookies:
      • Session cookies: temporary, deleted when the browser is closed.
      • Persistent cookies: have expiration dates, stored on the computer's hard drive, and remain even after the browser is closed.
    • Persistent cookies are commonly used to "remember" users for future visits and store information like login details.

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    Related Documents

    The Internet and the WWW PDF

    Description

    Explore the differences between the Internet and the World Wide Web, including their functions and communication protocols. This quiz also covers the structure and importance of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for accessing websites effectively.

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