Internet and the World Wide Web Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What primarily distinguishes the World Wide Web from the Internet?

The World Wide Web consists of the underlying hardware infrastructure.

The World Wide Web is a system of multimedia pages accessed through browsers. (correct)

The Internet exclusively uses HTTP for its connections.

The Internet is a collection of multimedia web pages.

Which of the following elements is NOT part of a URL format?

Website address

Protocol

Transmission Control Protocol (correct)

Path/filename

How does HTTPS differ from HTTP?

HTTPS provides a secure connection for data transmission. (correct)

HTTPS is primarily used for media streaming.

HTTPS is limited to government websites.

HTTPS does not use encryption.

What role do web browsers play in the context of the internet?

Web browsers fetch and interpret HTML pages for users. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cookies in web browsing?

To identify and track user sessions across the web. Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the second DNS server maps a URL to an IP address?

The IP address is sent back to the user's computer through the first DNS server. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical use of cookies?

Caching DNS information on the user's computer. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes persistent cookies from session cookies?

Persistent cookies can have expiration dates and remain on the hard drive. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cookie is used to remember user details on the next visit to a website?

Persistent cookie Signup and view all the answers

How does the web browser utilize the information in cookies?

To personalize web pages based on stored user preferences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of HTTPS compared to HTTP?

To encrypt data to secure the connection Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about web browsers is inaccurate?

Web browsers require programming knowledge to operate. Signup and view all the answers

What does DNS stand for and what is its main purpose?

Domain Name Service, to convert domain names into IP addresses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is not typically associated with a web browser?

Translating URL into IP addresses Signup and view all the answers

How does a web browser determine the IP address of a website?

By querying the DNS server for the appropriate address. Signup and view all the answers

What signifies a secure website when accessed through a browser?

The presence of a key icon in the address bar. Signup and view all the answers

When a DNS server cannot find a requested URL, what is its next step?

It requests the information from another DNS server. Signup and view all the answers

What does the storage of cookies in a web browser primarily facilitate?

Recording and remembering user preferences and sessions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Internet and the World Wide Web

The Internet is a network of networks, the physical infrastructure using TCP/IP for data transfer.
The WWW (World Wide Web) is a collection of multimedia web pages, accessed through web browsers like Chrome, Edge, and Firefox.
Websites and web pages are hosted on web servers.
The WWW uses the internet to connect to servers and access information.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

URLs are text addresses for accessing websites.
Web browsers use URLs to access websites.
IP addresses are assigned for servers.
IP addresses are used by computers to locate servers.
Web browsers can access web pages using either an IP address or a URL.
DNS (Domain Name Service) servers translate URLs to IP addresses.

URL Format

The URL has a standard format: protocol://website address/path/filename
protocol: usually HTTP or HTTPS
website address: includes the domain host (www), domain name, and domain type (e.g., .com, .org, .net, .gov, or country codes like .mu, .uk).
path: represents a web page within the website. If omitted, it accesses the website's root directory.
filename/webpage name: Refers to the specific item on the web page.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and HTTPS

HTTP is the standard protocol for data transfer of web pages. Some web pages contain private and sensitive information.
HTTPS encrypts data communication between servers and computers, ensuring secure data transfer.
Data is encrypted at the sender's end and decrypted at the receiver's.
HTTPS uses SSL (Secure Socket Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocols to secure data.
Look for a padlock icon next to the URL in the browser to indicate HTTPS connection.

Web Browsers

Web browsers interpret HTML code from websites and display the results.
They act as clients to access and display web pages.
Common features include:
- Storing bookmarks and favorites
- Recording user history
- Using multiple tabs
- Storing cookies
- Providing navigation tools and an address bar.

Web Pages

Written in HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
Hosted on web servers, each with a unique IP address.
A browser needs the web server's IP address to access the web page.
URLs replace IP addresses, simplifying the user experience.

DNS (Domain Name Service)

DNS is a technology for managing public names of websites and other internet domains.
Eliminates the need for users to remember IP addresses.
DNS servers contain a database of URLs and their corresponding IP addresses.

Converting URLs to IP Addresses

DNS servers map URLs to IP addresses.
Each DNS server contains a database of URL-IP address pairs.
Steps to convert a URL to an IP address:
1. User enters the URL in a web browser.
2. The browser requests the IP address from a DNS server.
3. If the DNS server doesn't have the URL, it sends a requet to another DNS server.
4. The second DNS server finds the correct IP address and sends it to the first DNS server.
5. The first DNS server caches the URL-IP address pair.
6. The IP address is sent to the user's computer.
7. The computer establishes communication with the web server.
8. The web pages are downloaded.
9. The browser interprets the HTML code and displays it.

Cookies

Cookies are small files or code stored on a user's computer.
Web servers send cookies to the browser on a user's computer.
Uses of cookies:
- Saving user preferences
- Tracking user preferences to customize web pages
- Storing login details
- Storing items in an online shopping cart.

Session Cookies and Persistent Cookies

Two types of cookies:
- Session cookies: Temporary cookies that are deleted when the browser is closed.
- Persistent cookies: Cookies that have expiration dates and are saved on the computer's hard drive. They remain even after the browser is closed.
- Used to help websites "remember" users on subsequent visits
- Example: User login details.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Internet and the World Wide Web. This quiz covers aspects like TCP/IP, URLs, and web browsers. See how well you understand the foundational elements of accessing and navigating web pages.