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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the manageable chunks of data sent over the Internet?
What is the term for the manageable chunks of data sent over the Internet?
- Packets (correct)
- Units
- Segments
- Frames
Which layer of the TCPIIP protocol stack is responsible for adding the destination address to each packet?
Which layer of the TCPIIP protocol stack is responsible for adding the destination address to each packet?
- Hardware Layer
- Application Layer
- Internet Layer (correct)
- TCP Layer
What role does the TCP layer play in packet transmission?
What role does the TCP layer play in packet transmission?
- It compresses the data for faster transmission.
- It determines the routing of packets.
- It assigns port numbers to packets. (correct)
- It encrypts the packets for security.
What happens to a long message as it is sent through the TCPIIP protocol stack?
What happens to a long message as it is sent through the TCPIIP protocol stack?
What is the primary purpose of the hardware layer in the TCPIIP protocol stack?
What is the primary purpose of the hardware layer in the TCPIIP protocol stack?
How does the ISP's router decide where to send each packet?
How does the ISP's router decide where to send each packet?
What type of software is used to request information on the World Wide Web?
What type of software is used to request information on the World Wide Web?
What happens to packets after they exit the TCP layer?
What happens to packets after they exit the TCP layer?
What does each packet require to ensure it is received correctly at the destination?
What does each packet require to ensure it is received correctly at the destination?
Which of the following options is an example of server software for the World Wide Web?
Which of the following options is an example of server software for the World Wide Web?
Which form of information does the World Wide Web NOT support?
Which form of information does the World Wide Web NOT support?
Which networking model does the World Wide Web follow?
Which networking model does the World Wide Web follow?
What is the primary role of a server in the World Wide Web context?
What is the primary role of a server in the World Wide Web context?
Which of the following is NOT a classification of computer networks based on distance?
Which of the following is NOT a classification of computer networks based on distance?
What do hypertext information contain?
What do hypertext information contain?
Which of the following is a function of a Web browser in the context of the Internet?
Which of the following is a function of a Web browser in the context of the Internet?
What is the primary requirement to connect to an FTP server?
What is the primary requirement to connect to an FTP server?
What is the primary role of a router in the Internet infrastructure?
What is the primary role of a router in the Internet infrastructure?
Which of the following is a shareware program mentioned for maintaining a website?
Which of the following is a shareware program mentioned for maintaining a website?
Why is it impractical to create a detailed map of the entire Internet?
Why is it impractical to create a detailed map of the entire Internet?
What does the TELNET protocol specify?
What does the TELNET protocol specify?
How do routers determine where to send packets?
How do routers determine where to send packets?
What is a common alternative username for anonymous connections to FTP servers?
What is a common alternative username for anonymous connections to FTP servers?
What does Telnet allow users to do?
What does Telnet allow users to do?
What does NSP stand for in the context of Internet infrastructure?
What does NSP stand for in the context of Internet infrastructure?
How does Telnet work in relation to user inputs?
How does Telnet work in relation to user inputs?
What is depicted by the black boxes in the provided figure?
What is depicted by the black boxes in the provided figure?
Which statement best describes the complexity of an NSP's backbone infrastructure?
Which statement best describes the complexity of an NSP's backbone infrastructure?
Which of the following is NOT a function provided by Telnet?
Which of the following is NOT a function provided by Telnet?
What type of connection does Telnet primarily facilitate?
What type of connection does Telnet primarily facilitate?
What happens when a packet reaches a router?
What happens when a packet reaches a router?
What do routers not typically know about regarding their connections?
What do routers not typically know about regarding their connections?
What is the primary characteristic of HTTP as a protocol?
What is the primary characteristic of HTTP as a protocol?
What happens when a web browser cannot find a requested page on a server?
What happens when a web browser cannot find a requested page on a server?
Before making an HTTP request, what must the web browser first retrieve?
Before making an HTTP request, what must the web browser first retrieve?
Which of the following statements about HTTP is accurate?
Which of the following statements about HTTP is accurate?
What task does the web browser perform after receiving the requested web page from the server?
What task does the web browser perform after receiving the requested web page from the server?
What is the purpose of a Request For Comments (RFC) in relation to Internet protocols?
What is the purpose of a Request For Comments (RFC) in relation to Internet protocols?
What does the WWW (World Wide Web) primarily consist of?
What does the WWW (World Wide Web) primarily consist of?
How does a web browser handle additional page elements after loading the initial webpage?
How does a web browser handle additional page elements after loading the initial webpage?
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Study Notes
World Wide Web (WWW)
- WWW is a service that uses the internet to send and receive information.
- WWW supports multimedia and hypertext information.
- WWW utilizes a graphic user interface (GUI) for ease of use.
- WWW follows the client/server model.
- Clients use web browsers, examples include Netscape and Internet Explorer.
- Servers use HTTP servers, examples include Mac HTTP, CERN HTTP, and NCSA HTTP.
Network Classification
- Networks can be classified based on distance: LAN, MAN, and WAN.
- LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small area.
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or metropolitan area.
- WAN (Wide Area Network): Connects devices over a large geographical area.
Internet Protocol Stack
- Used on the internet, commonly referred to as TCP/IP.
Packet Switching
- Internet data is sent in manageable chunks called packets.
- Packets contain a destination address (IP address) and a port number for specific program communication.
Internet Routing
- Routers are packet switches that connect networks.
- Routers use routing tables to determine the path for packets based on destination IP addresses.
- Routers do not have complete knowledge of the entire internet, they operate within their sub-networks.
- Internet infrastructure is highly complex and constantly evolving.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- HTTP is an application-level protocol built on top of TCP.
- Used for communication between web browsers and web servers.
- HTTP is connectionless, meaning a new connection is made for each request.
HTTP Communication Steps:
- Web browser connects to a domain name server to retrieve the IP address of the web server.
- The web browser connects to the web server and sends an HTTP request.
- The web server processes the request, retrieves the desired web page, and sends it back to the browser.
- The browser parses the page and requests additional elements like images or applets.
- Connections are closed after each request.
Internet Protocols
- Many internet protocols are specified in documents called Request For Comments (RFCs).
Telnet
- Telnet stands for "TErminal NETwork".
- It is a TCP/IP application and a protocol for connecting a local computer to a remote computer.
- Allows a local computer to act as a terminal for a remote host.
- Provides direct access to various services on the inetrnet.
- Allows access to services not available on the local host.
- Useful for accessing graphical interfaces and public services like library card catalogs.
Scripting Languages
- Used for automating tasks and creating interactive web pages.
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