International Organizations Vitality Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant factor influencing the longevity of international organizations (IOs)?

  • The number of member states involved
  • The age of the organization at inception
  • The bureaucratic autonomy of the organization (correct)
  • The specific legal framework established at founding

    • Which of the following terms describes a method of how international organizations can cease to exist?

  • Contraction
  • Discontinuation
  • Dissolution (correct)
  • Reduction

    • What is the average lifespan of international organizations established after World War II?

  • Approximately 30 years
  • Approximately 15-20 years (correct)
  • Approximately 20-25 years
  • Approximately 10 years

    • What distinguishing feature did the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine possess?

    <p>It was the oldest intergovernmental organization since 1815.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the early international organizations reflect the internationalism of the 19th century?

    <p>They were seen as tools for spreading Western imperialist policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant issue regarding the use of military force in the League of Nations?

    <p>Military force was permitted if the Council could not reach a unanimous decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the Assembly within the League of Nations?

    <p>It had one vote per member and primarily made decisions by unanimity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article of the Covenant addresses disarmament?

    <p>Article 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical flaw contributed to the failure of the League of Nations?

    <p>An inability to enforce responses to breaches of the Covenant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries were the original permanent members of the Council of the League of Nations?

    <p>Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IO Vitality

    • International Organizations (IOs) have a varying lifespan.
    • Most IOs survive the first five years, but the environment influences their longevity.
    • IOs established after WWI generally last around 30 years.
    • IOs established after WWII typically exist for 15-20 years.

    Types of IO Termination

    • IOs can terminate through expiration, dissolution, replacement, merger, or disuse.
    • Replacement examples include the African Union replacing the Organisation of African Unity.

    Factors Influencing IO Vitality

    • Bureaucratic autonomy plays a significant role in IO vitality.
    • IOs with greater autonomy have a higher chance of survival.
    • IOs located in attractive cities also exhibit higher survival rates.

    Early IOs

    • The Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (1815) is the oldest existing International Governmental Organization (IGO).
    • The International Telegraph Union (ITU) (1865) and the Universal Postal Union (UPU) (1874) are notable early examples of IOs.

    The Internationalism of the 19th Century

    • It was a period of vibrant transnational civil society.
    • Participating in IOs represented state power and a means of demonstrating sovereignty.
    • International cooperation was seen as a path to achieving peace.
    • IOs were viewed as instruments of Western imperialism.
    • IOs provided "backdoor" access to power for non-Western states and marginalized groups, such as women's rights advocates.

    The League of Nations (1919)

    • The League of Nations was established after WWI to address the war's destructive consequences.
    • Its formation involved the active participation of civil society and individuals.
    • Woodrow Wilson's "14 Points Plan" was crucial in the League's development.
    • The Covenant of the League of Nations, adopted by Allied forces in 1919, entered into force in 1920.

    League of Nations Membership

    • Initially, 32 states were members.
    • Membership expanded to 44, including the Netherlands.
    • Central Powers joined: Bulgaria and Austria in 1920, Hungary in 1922, and Germany in 1926.
    • The League reached its peak membership in 1934/35 with 58 states.
    • Member states withdrew: Germany and Japan in 1933, Italy in 1935.

    The League of Nations Covenant

    • The Covenant had 26 articles, compared to the 111 articles in the UN Charter.
    • Its goal was to promote international cooperation and achieve international peace and security.
    • The Covenant established mechanisms for maintaining peace and security:
      • Disarmament (Article 8)
      • Peaceful resolution of disputes (Articles 12-17)
      • Conflict prevention (Articles 16, 17, 18, 20)

    The League's Principal Organs

    • Assembly:

      • Met annually.
      • All member nations had one vote.
      • Decision-making primarily by unanimity.
      • Exceptions included:
        • Admitting new members (2/3 majority, Article 1)
        • Electing non-permanent Council members (simple majority, Article 4)
        • Procedural decisions (simple majority, Article 5)
        • Approving the Secretary General (simple majority, Article 6)

    • Council of the League:

      • Composed of six permanent members: GB, France, Italy (until 1937), Japan (until 1933), Germany (1926-1933), and the SU (1934-1939).
      • Four non-permanent members were elected by the Assembly.
      • Decision-making by unanimity except for procedural decisions (Article 5) and adopting reports on international disputes (Article 15.4).
      • Its mandate included matters within the League's sphere of action or affecting global peace.
      • Served as a forum for discussion, report production, and conflict resolution by member states.

    • Permanent Secretariat:

      • The League's permanent civil service.
      • Carried out decisions made by the Council.
      • The Secretary General was appointed by the Council with the Assembly's majority approval.
      • Comprised several sections: finances, disarmament, mandate territories, etc.
      • Supported the work of the Assembly and Council.

    • Other Important Institutions:

      • International Labor Organization
      • Permanent Court of Justice
      • Special commissions

    The League's Failure: Lessons for Today

    • Lack of enforcement in response to breaches of the Covenant.
    • Powerful states prioritizing national interests over upholding the Covenant.
    • Deterrence versus disarmament.
    • No collective disarmament efforts, leaving the League ineffective.
    • The League's failure holds lessons for contemporary global governance.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the lifespan and factors influencing the vitality of International Organizations. From early IGOs to the impacts of bureaucratic autonomy, this quiz covers various aspects of IOs. Discover how their environment and structure contribute to their longevity.

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