Internal Consistency and Factorial Validity Quiz

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Which type of research is considered to be the least resource demanding?

Convergent and discriminant validity research
Internal consistency reliability research and Factorial validity research (correct)
Factorial validity research
Primary interest research

What should be evaluated first before undertaking convergent and discriminant validity research?

Data from multiple testing occasions
Primary interest research
Factorial validity issues
Internal consistency reliability and factorial validity issues (correct)

Which type of research is considered first-stage research?

Criterion-related validity and construct validity
Convergent validity and discriminant validity
Content validity and face validity
Internal consistency reliability and factorial validity (correct)

Why is using internal consistency reliability and factorial validity considered the least resource demanding research?

They require data from one testing occasion and require data strictly from the test of primary interest (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the interconnections between a construct and other related constructs?

Nomological network (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the conceptual foundation of a construct?

The connections between the construct and other psychological constructs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation coefficient between SAT scores and first-year university grades according to empirical research?

.55 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having sufficiently large validity coefficients?

They increase confidence in using the test for its intended purpose (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes focussed associations?

A correlation between particular test scores and a specified criterion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which term is more commonly used to refer to focused association in research?

Predictive validity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term used to describe the degree of relationship or association between a measure and a criterion or external variable?

Validity coefficient (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between predictive validity and validity coefficient?

Predictive validity is a more specific type of validity coefficient (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main purpose of validity generalization studies?

To evaluate the predictive utility of a test's scores across a range of settings (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three questions that validity generalization studies can address?

Estimate the average level of predictive validity across studies, estimate the degree of variability associated with the validity coefficients, identify sources of systematic variability in the validity coefficients (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of evaluating a test's validity coefficients across a large set of studies?

Validity generalization (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes meta-analysis?

A research method that combines the results of many different studies (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having sufficiently large validity coefficients in a validity generalization study?

It indicates that the measure is valid across a wide range of settings and groups of people (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used for evaluating convergent and discriminant validity based on a large number of coefficients across a wide range of criteria?

Determining sets of correlations using a nomological network (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step after estimating the coefficients in a nomological network?

Placing the coefficients into a table for visual inspection (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can researchers evaluate using sets of correlations?

Convergent and divergent validity (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach, what is the main problem with a correlation between two scores?

It combines trait variance and method variance (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many different methods must researchers use to administer their inventory when using the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach?

Three (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do researchers hope to see in terms of correlations between traits and measurement methods when using the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach?

Large correlations between the same traits irrespective of method of measurement in comparison to correlations between scores based simply on the same method. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about large correlations between different traits but the same measurement method?

They suggest method variance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the desired outcome when measuring identical traits using different methods?

A lot of shared trait variance measured using different methods (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation associated with the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach?

There are no clear guidelines to evaluate mean correlations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why multitrait-multimethod matrix studies are rare?

Lack of guidelines to evaluate mean correlations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum requirement for monotrait-heteromethod correlations and heterotrait-monomethod correlations in the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach?

Monotrait-heteromethod correlations need to be numerically larger (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which two researchers developed the logic of the multitrait-multimethod matrix?

Campbell and Fiske (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of the quantifying construct validity procedure?

There are no guidelines for the minimum correlation needed to indicate something (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the only requirement for the direction of the correlation in the quantifying construct validity procedure?

Positive (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Westen and Rosenthal (2003), what is the first step in the 'quantifying construct validity' procedure?

Researchers must predict the magnitude of the correlation between their measure of interest and their selected criteria (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of predicting the correlation between a measure of interest and selected criteria in the 'quantifying construct validity' procedure?

To compare the predicted and estimated correlations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the 'quantifying construct validity' procedure outlined by Westen and Rosenthal (2003)?

Estimating the correlation between the predicted and estimated correlations (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can bias validity coefficients downwardly?

Measurement error causing low internal consistency reliabilities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can affect the correlation between two sets of scores?

Low variability in one or both distributions of scores (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do restricted responses cause the validity coefficient be smaller in magnitude

Answer A and B (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sample is often used in practice, and how does it affect the standard deviation of the data?

Convenience samples, which tend to be more homogeneous and yield smaller standard deviations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using convenience samples on the observed correlation in comparison to the correlation in the population of interest?

The observed correlation tends to be smaller due to the increase in homogeneity yielding smaller standard deviation scores (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using convenience samples?

They tend to be more homogeneous than the population (D) Signup and view all the answers