Research Types Lesson 3
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of qualitative research?

  • To analyze numerical data for predictions
  • To establish causal relationships
  • To describe and understand social phenomena (correct)
  • To test hypotheses with large sample sizes

Which method is commonly used for data collection in qualitative research?

  • Surveys
  • Interviews (correct)
  • Statistical analysis
  • Controlled experiments

What sampling technique is typically utilized in qualitative research?

  • Purposive sampling (correct)
  • Stratified sampling
  • Cluster sampling
  • Random sampling

How is data collection typically characterized in qualitative research?

<p>Continuous until saturation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach does quantitative research primarily use?

<p>Deductive approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research?

<p>Analysis of numerical data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research primarily focuses on which aspect?

<p>Participants' interpretations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference in the data focus between qualitative and quantitative research?

<p>Qualitative focuses on understanding; quantitative focuses on measurement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of basic research?

<p>To extend knowledge without practical application (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is designed to solve practical problems?

<p>Applied research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes scientific research from other forms of research?

<p>It involves hypothesis formulation and data testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research involves a systematic investigation of human culture and practices?

<p>Research in humanities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research emphasizes which of the following?

<p>Experiences and perspectives of individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of artistic research?

<p>Testing scientific hypotheses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research seeks to explain naturally occurring phenomena?

<p>Scientific research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research type focuses on creating processes and methods rather than just knowledge accumulation?

<p>Artistic research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research design focuses on gathering insights about under-researched topics?

<p>Exploratory Design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research design is best suited for studying a population's characteristics?

<p>Descriptive Design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cohort design?

<p>To observe a group with shared characteristics over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research design combines qualitative and quantitative methods to create a comprehensive view?

<p>Mixed-Method Design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cross-sectional design is characterized by which of the following?

<p>Studying a diverse population at one moment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major strength of qualitative research?

<p>Provides detailed and in-depth information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a weakness of qualitative research?

<p>Findings may lack acceptance in the scientific community (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of qualitative research?

<p>The impact of counseling on the self-confidence of LGBT members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best characterizes a research design?

<p>The strategy for answering research questions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect can potentially influence the results of qualitative research?

<p>The researcher's personal bias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In qualitative research, why might data analysis be time-consuming?

<p>Responses are typically collected in large volumes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a research area that combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches?

<p>The dropout rate in public schools and its causes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge faced when implementing qualitative research methodologies?

<p>Ensuring anonymity and confidentiality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research typically involves smaller sample sizes, such as 10 to 15 participants?

<p>Qualitative Research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method is commonly associated with qualitative research?

<p>Purposive Sampling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data collection method is typically used in quantitative research?

<p>Experiments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true of qualitative research data analysis?

<p>Uses Content Analysis and Coding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the generalizability of qualitative research typically compare to that of quantitative research?

<p>Lower in qualitative research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which setting is qualitative research typically conducted?

<p>Natural setting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of quantitative research methods?

<p>Confirmatory analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the type of data qualitative research relies on?

<p>Verbal information and artifacts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of analysis is commonly used in quantitative research?

<p>Statistical Analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of interest is typically explored through qualitative research?

<p>Factors Influencing Team Sports Engagement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method of data collection in qualitative research?

<p>Observations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the generalizability of quantitative research results?

<p>Quantitative findings can always be generalized to larger populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a characteristic of qualitative reporting?

<p>Narrative descriptions and context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Basic Research

Research that aims to expand knowledge without immediate practical application.

Applied Research

Research that focuses on solving real-world problems and seeking practical outcomes.

Artistic Research

Research that explores and reinterpret accepted ideas using innovative methods, generating new knowledge by redefining concepts.

Scientific Research

Research that involves explaining natural phenomena through credible theories, formulating hypotheses, and testing predictions with data.

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Research in Humanities

Research that investigates human culture, values, beliefs, and practices through critical examination, emphasizing qualitative insights beyond numerical measures.

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Qualitative Research

A research methodology that uses naturalistic inquiry to deeply analyze individual experiences and interpretations.

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Qualitative Data

Data gathered through interviews and participative observation, prioritizing insights over statistical analysis.

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Inductive Approach

An approach where data analysis leads to hypothesis formation rather than testing pre-defined hypotheses.

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Quantitative Research

Research that collects and analyzes numerical data to describe characteristics, identify correlations, and test hypotheses.

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Deductive Approach

An approach where hypotheses are established before data collection and analysis, and the goal is to confirm or reject these pre-defined hypotheses.

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Purpose of Qualitative Research

The purpose of qualitative research is to gain an in-depth understanding of a phenomenon.

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Purpose of Quantitative Research

The purpose of quantitative research is to test hypotheses and causal relationships.

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Questions in Research

Qualitative research focuses on understanding experiences, while quantitative research addresses how and why with measurable terms.

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Sample Size in Research

Qualitative research typically involves small groups (10-15), whereas quantitative research often uses larger groups (150-200+).

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Sampling Methods

Qualitative research uses purposive sampling to select participants based on specific characteristics, while quantitative research uses random sampling to ensure a representative sample.

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Data Types in Research

Qualitative data involves verbal and contextual information, such as interviews and observations, while quantitative data consists of statistical data, such as numbers and measurements.

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Data Collection Methods

Qualitative research methods include interviews, observations, focus groups, and case studies, while quantitative research methods include experiments, surveys, and questionnaires.

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Data Analysis Methods

Qualitative data analysis employs content analysis and coding, while quantitative data analysis utilizes statistical methods like regression analysis.

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Generalizability of Findings

Qualitative results have lower generalizability, meaning they may not apply to other populations, while quantitative research can generalize findings across populations.

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Scientific Method

Qualitative research is exploratory and inductive, meaning it starts with observations and then develops theories, while quantitative research is confirmatory and deductive, meaning it starts with a theory and then tests it with data.

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Research Setting

Qualitative research often happens in natural settings like homes and communities, while quantitative research typically takes place in controlled environments like laboratories.

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Reporting Results

Qualitative research reports use narrative descriptions, including quotes and stories, while quantitative research reports rely on statistical presentations, such as tables and graphs.

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Descriptive Qualitative Research

Descriptive qualitative research identifies characteristics of populations or phenomena, focusing on who, what, when, where, and how.

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Exploratory Qualitative Research

Exploratory qualitative research examines under-researched topics to gather insights for future studies.

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Cohort Qualitative Research

Cohort qualitative research studies a group sharing similar characteristics over time, observing how these characteristics affect outcomes.

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Cross-Sectional Qualitative Research

Cross-sectional qualitative research analyzes a diverse group at one point in time, observing how various characteristics affect outcomes.

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Mixed-Method Research

Mixed-method research combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to provide a comprehensive view of research issues.

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Strengths of Qualitative Research

Qualitative research allows for detailed exploration of complex phenomena, engaging a smaller number of participants.

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Weaknesses of Qualitative Research

Qualitative research findings may lack broader applicability, data analysis can be time-consuming, and researcher biases can influence results.

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Study Notes

Types of Research

  • Research is categorized into two broad methodologies: qualitative and quantitative.

General Forms of Research

  • Basic Research: Also known as fundamental or pure research; aims to expand knowledge without immediate practical application. Examples include studying the universe's origins and cancer causes.
  • Applied Research: Focuses on solving real-world problems; seeks practical outcomes, such as improving crop yields or developing disease treatments.
  • Artistic Research: Explores and reinterprets accepted ideas using innovative methods; generates new knowledge by redefining concepts.
  • Scientific Research: Involves explaining natural phenomena through credible theories, formulating hypotheses, and testing predictions with data.
  • Research in Humanities: Investigates human culture, values, beliefs, and practices through critical examination, emphasizing qualitative insights beyond numerical measures.

Qualitative Research

  • Employs naturalistic inquiry to deeply analyze individual experiences and interpretations.
  • Data is gathered through interviews and participative observation, prioritizing insights over statistical analysis.
  • Uses an inductive approach, where data analysis leads to hypothesis formation.

Key Characteristics of Qualitative Research

  • Conducted in natural settings like homes or communities; focuses on participants’ perceptions and experiences.
  • Often involves small sample sizes selected through purposive sampling; data collection continues until saturation occurs.

Quantitative Research

  • Collects and analyzes numerical data for describing characteristics, identifying correlations, and testing hypotheses.
  • Utilizes a deductive approach, where hypotheses are established before data collection and analysis.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

  • Purpose: Qualitative seeks understanding; quantitative tests hypotheses and causal relationships.
  • Questions: Qualitative focuses on understanding experiences; quantitative addresses how and why with measurable terms.
  • Sample Size: Qualitative typically involves small groups (10-15), whereas quantitative research often uses larger groups (150-200+).
  • Sampling Method: Qualitative uses purposive sampling; quantitative uses random sampling.
  • Data: Qualitative involves verbal and contextual information; quantitative relies on statistical data.
  • Data Collection: Qualitative methods include interviews and observations; quantitative may utilize experiments and tests.
  • Data Analysis: Qualitative employs content analysis and coding; quantitative uses statistical analysis.
  • Generalizability: Qualitative results have lower generalizability; quantitative can generalize findings across populations.
  • Scientific Method: Qualitative research is exploratory and inductive; quantitative is confirmatory and deductive.
  • Research Setting: Qualitative happens in natural settings; quantitative occurs in controlled environments.
  • Reporting: Qualitative uses narrative descriptions; quantitative relies on statistical presentations.

Examples of Qualitative & Quantitative Research

  • In arts: Qualitative studies the meaning of pop music; quantitative examines relationships between music exposure and life outcomes.
  • In humanities: Qualitative explores domestic abuse experiences, while quantitative assesses its prevalence among specific populations.
  • In sports: Qualitative research investigates introverts' engagement in team sports; quantitative measures their participation levels.
  • In science: Qualitative focuses on obese women's experiences; quantitative correlates obesity with TV viewing habits.
  • In agriculture: Qualitative explores beliefs about community-supported agriculture; quantitative evaluates natural fertilizers' effects on productivity.
  • In business: Qualitative looks at entrepreneurs' motivations for using social networking for marketing; quantitative assesses usage levels.
  • In information technology: Qualitative inquiries into the internet's influence on teenagers' behaviors; quantitative evaluates Facebook marketing's effects.

Strengths & Weaknesses of Qualitative Research

  • Strengths: Engages few participants, describes complex phenomena in detail, is adaptable, and responsive to local contexts.
  • Weaknesses: Findings may lack broader applicability, data analysis can be time-consuming, and results are subject to researcher biases.

Types of Qualitative Research/Research Design

  • Descriptive Design: Identifies characteristics of populations or phenomena; focuses on who, what, when, where, and how.
  • Exploratory Design: Examines under-researched topics to gather insights for future studies.
  • Cohort Design: Studies a group sharing similar characteristics over time.
  • Cross-Sectional Design: Analyzes a diverse group at one point, observing how various characteristics affect outcomes.
  • Mixed-Method Design: Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to provide a comprehensive view of research issues.

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This quiz covers the objectives and content of Lesson No. 3 on Types of Research. It focuses on identifying various types of research, distinguishing between qualitative and quantitative research, and understanding basic research concepts. Test your knowledge on qualitative research methodologies and their applications.

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