Research Types Lesson 3

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of qualitative research?

To analyze numerical data for predictions

To establish causal relationships

To describe and understand social phenomena (correct)

To test hypotheses with large sample sizes

Which method is commonly used for data collection in qualitative research?

Surveys

Interviews (correct)

Statistical analysis

Controlled experiments

What sampling technique is typically utilized in qualitative research?

Purposive sampling (correct)

Stratified sampling

Cluster sampling

Random sampling

How is data collection typically characterized in qualitative research?

Continuous until saturation Signup and view all the answers

What approach does quantitative research primarily use?

Deductive approach Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research?

Analysis of numerical data Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research primarily focuses on which aspect?

Participants' interpretations Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference in the data focus between qualitative and quantitative research?

Qualitative focuses on understanding; quantitative focuses on measurement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of basic research?

To extend knowledge without practical application Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is designed to solve practical problems?

Applied research Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes scientific research from other forms of research?

It involves hypothesis formulation and data testing Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research involves a systematic investigation of human culture and practices?

Research in humanities Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research emphasizes which of the following?

Experiences and perspectives of individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of artistic research?

Testing scientific hypotheses Signup and view all the answers

What type of research seeks to explain naturally occurring phenomena?

Scientific research Signup and view all the answers

Which research type focuses on creating processes and methods rather than just knowledge accumulation?

Artistic research Signup and view all the answers

What type of research design focuses on gathering insights about under-researched topics?

Exploratory Design Signup and view all the answers

Which research design is best suited for studying a population's characteristics?

Descriptive Design Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cohort design?

To observe a group with shared characteristics over time Signup and view all the answers

Which research design combines qualitative and quantitative methods to create a comprehensive view?

Mixed-Method Design Signup and view all the answers

Cross-sectional design is characterized by which of the following?

Studying a diverse population at one moment Signup and view all the answers

What is a major strength of qualitative research?

Provides detailed and in-depth information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a weakness of qualitative research?

Findings may lack acceptance in the scientific community Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of qualitative research?

The impact of counseling on the self-confidence of LGBT members Signup and view all the answers

What best characterizes a research design?

The strategy for answering research questions Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect can potentially influence the results of qualitative research?

The researcher's personal bias Signup and view all the answers

In qualitative research, why might data analysis be time-consuming?

Responses are typically collected in large volumes Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a research area that combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches?

The dropout rate in public schools and its causes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge faced when implementing qualitative research methodologies?

Ensuring anonymity and confidentiality Signup and view all the answers

What type of research typically involves smaller sample sizes, such as 10 to 15 participants?

Qualitative Research Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method is commonly associated with qualitative research?

Purposive Sampling Signup and view all the answers

What type of data collection method is typically used in quantitative research?

Experiments Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true of qualitative research data analysis?

Uses Content Analysis and Coding Signup and view all the answers

How does the generalizability of qualitative research typically compare to that of quantitative research?

Lower in qualitative research Signup and view all the answers

In which setting is qualitative research typically conducted?

Natural setting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of quantitative research methods?

Confirmatory analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the type of data qualitative research relies on?

Verbal information and artifacts Signup and view all the answers

What type of analysis is commonly used in quantitative research?

Statistical Analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which area of interest is typically explored through qualitative research?

Factors Influencing Team Sports Engagement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method of data collection in qualitative research?

Observations Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the generalizability of quantitative research results?

Quantitative findings can always be generalized to larger populations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a characteristic of qualitative reporting?

Narrative descriptions and context Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Research

Research is categorized into two broad methodologies: qualitative and quantitative.

General Forms of Research

Basic Research: Also known as fundamental or pure research; aims to expand knowledge without immediate practical application. Examples include studying the universe's origins and cancer causes.
Applied Research: Focuses on solving real-world problems; seeks practical outcomes, such as improving crop yields or developing disease treatments.
Artistic Research: Explores and reinterprets accepted ideas using innovative methods; generates new knowledge by redefining concepts.
Scientific Research: Involves explaining natural phenomena through credible theories, formulating hypotheses, and testing predictions with data.
Research in Humanities: Investigates human culture, values, beliefs, and practices through critical examination, emphasizing qualitative insights beyond numerical measures.

Qualitative Research

Employs naturalistic inquiry to deeply analyze individual experiences and interpretations.
Data is gathered through interviews and participative observation, prioritizing insights over statistical analysis.
Uses an inductive approach, where data analysis leads to hypothesis formation.

Key Characteristics of Qualitative Research

Conducted in natural settings like homes or communities; focuses on participants’ perceptions and experiences.
Often involves small sample sizes selected through purposive sampling; data collection continues until saturation occurs.

Quantitative Research

Collects and analyzes numerical data for describing characteristics, identifying correlations, and testing hypotheses.
Utilizes a deductive approach, where hypotheses are established before data collection and analysis.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

Purpose: Qualitative seeks understanding; quantitative tests hypotheses and causal relationships.
Questions: Qualitative focuses on understanding experiences; quantitative addresses how and why with measurable terms.
Sample Size: Qualitative typically involves small groups (10-15), whereas quantitative research often uses larger groups (150-200+).
Sampling Method: Qualitative uses purposive sampling; quantitative uses random sampling.
Data: Qualitative involves verbal and contextual information; quantitative relies on statistical data.
Data Collection: Qualitative methods include interviews and observations; quantitative may utilize experiments and tests.
Data Analysis: Qualitative employs content analysis and coding; quantitative uses statistical analysis.
Generalizability: Qualitative results have lower generalizability; quantitative can generalize findings across populations.
Scientific Method: Qualitative research is exploratory and inductive; quantitative is confirmatory and deductive.
Research Setting: Qualitative happens in natural settings; quantitative occurs in controlled environments.
Reporting: Qualitative uses narrative descriptions; quantitative relies on statistical presentations.

Examples of Qualitative & Quantitative Research

In arts: Qualitative studies the meaning of pop music; quantitative examines relationships between music exposure and life outcomes.
In humanities: Qualitative explores domestic abuse experiences, while quantitative assesses its prevalence among specific populations.
In sports: Qualitative research investigates introverts' engagement in team sports; quantitative measures their participation levels.
In science: Qualitative focuses on obese women's experiences; quantitative correlates obesity with TV viewing habits.
In agriculture: Qualitative explores beliefs about community-supported agriculture; quantitative evaluates natural fertilizers' effects on productivity.
In business: Qualitative looks at entrepreneurs' motivations for using social networking for marketing; quantitative assesses usage levels.
In information technology: Qualitative inquiries into the internet's influence on teenagers' behaviors; quantitative evaluates Facebook marketing's effects.

Strengths & Weaknesses of Qualitative Research

Strengths: Engages few participants, describes complex phenomena in detail, is adaptable, and responsive to local contexts.
Weaknesses: Findings may lack broader applicability, data analysis can be time-consuming, and results are subject to researcher biases.

Types of Qualitative Research/Research Design

Descriptive Design: Identifies characteristics of populations or phenomena; focuses on who, what, when, where, and how.
Exploratory Design: Examines under-researched topics to gather insights for future studies.
Cohort Design: Studies a group sharing similar characteristics over time.
Cross-Sectional Design: Analyzes a diverse group at one point, observing how various characteristics affect outcomes.
Mixed-Method Design: Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to provide a comprehensive view of research issues.

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Description

This quiz covers the objectives and content of Lesson No. 3 on Types of Research. It focuses on identifying various types of research, distinguishing between qualitative and quantitative research, and understanding basic research concepts. Test your knowledge on qualitative research methodologies and their applications.