CH 12: Intermolecular and interatomic forces (chemical bonds)
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Questions and Answers

Which type of atom is most likely to form hydrogen bonds with hydrogen?

  • Sodium
  • Nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine (correct)
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen

What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic forces?

  • Intermolecular forces act between atoms, while interatomic forces act between molecules.
  • Intermolecular forces act between molecules or between molecules and ions, while interatomic forces hold atoms together within a molecule. (correct)
  • Intermolecular forces are generally stronger than interatomic forces.
  • Intermolecular forces include ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, while interatomic forces include dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces.

How does molecular size affect the strength of London dispersion forces?

  • Larger molecules have weaker London dispersion forces.
  • Molecular size has no effect on the strength of London dispersion forces.
  • Larger molecules have stronger London dispersion forces, but only if they are non-polar.
  • Larger molecules have stronger London dispersion forces due to greater fluctuations in electron distribution. (correct)

How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the boiling point of a substance?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points because more energy is required to overcome these forces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the vapor pressure of a substance?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure because fewer molecules have sufficient kinetic energy to escape the liquid phase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why water has a higher boiling point than methane, despite their similar molecular weights?

<p>Water has stronger hydrogen bonding between its molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of intermolecular force?

<p>Covalent bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of induced dipole forces or London dispersion forces?

<p>The momentary asymmetric distribution of electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is considered the strongest?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the physical properties of substances?

<p>Intermolecular forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is most likely to participate in hydrogen bonding?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic forces?

<p>Interatomic forces hold atoms together within a molecule, while intermolecular forces mediate interactions between molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of forces mediate interactions between molecules?

<p>Dipole-dipole forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do larger non-polar molecules exhibit stronger London dispersion forces?

<p>They have more electrons leading to significant temporary dipoles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for holding water molecules together in a liquid sample?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?

<p>Density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of forces lead to a weak attraction between non-polar molecules?

<p>London dispersion forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do substances with strong intermolecular forces have higher boiling and melting points?

<p>They require more energy to change phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor results in higher viscosity in a liquid?

<p>Strong intermolecular forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lower flash point correspond to in terms of flammability?

<p>Higher flammability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between density and intermolecular forces in solids and liquids?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher densities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences a substance's tendency to evaporate as measured by its vapor pressure?

<p>Intermolecular forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of intermolecular force is responsible for the strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and highly electronegative atoms?

<p>Dipole-dipole forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the boiling point of a substance?

<p>Increase the boiling point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is influenced by the strength of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces in molecules?

<p>Melting point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a water molecule (Hâ‚‚O), what type of force holds the oxygen and hydrogen atoms together within the molecule?

<p>Covalent bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do larger non-polar molecules have increased induced dipole (London dispersion) forces compared to smaller molecules?

<p>They have more electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between intermolecular forces and vapor pressure in substances?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the high boiling point of water compared to methane, despite their similar molecular weights?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the vapor pressure of a substance?

<p>They decrease the vapor pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do larger non-polar molecules exhibit stronger London dispersion forces?

<p>They have more electrons, leading to more significant temporary dipoles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the viscosity of a liquid?

<p>They increase the viscosity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why substances with strong intermolecular forces have higher boiling and melting points?

<p>They require more energy to change phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of intermolecular force is considered the strongest?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the strength of intermolecular forces affect the density of solids and liquids?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher densities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is most directly influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?

<p>Boiling and melting points (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic forces?

<p>Intermolecular forces are responsible for chemical bonding, while interatomic forces are responsible for physical properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has the greatest influence on a substance's flammability?

<p>Vapor pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dipole-dipole forces is correct?

<p>They result from the attraction between a partially positive end and a partially negative end of polar molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of induced dipole forces or London dispersion forces?

<p>The momentary asymmetric distribution of electrons in non-polar molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonding is correct?

<p>It is a type of dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen covalently bonded to highly electronegative elements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic (intramolecular) forces?

<p>Interatomic forces hold atoms together in a molecule, while intermolecular forces mediate interactions between molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of a substance is primarily influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?

<p>Boiling point and melting point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for the higher viscosity of a liquid?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of force is primarily responsible for the strong attraction between two polar molecules?

<p>Van der Waals forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In non-polar molecules, what leads to the temporary dipole responsible for induced dipole forces?

<p>Ionic interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interaction holds atoms together within a molecule?

<p>Van der Waals forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is NOT considered an interatomic force within a molecule?

<p>Van der Waals forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the high boiling point of water compared to methane?

<p>Presence of ionic bonds in water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor responsible for holding atoms together in a metallic bond?

<p><strong>London Dispersion</strong> forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why larger non-polar molecules exhibit stronger London dispersion forces compared to smaller non-polar molecules?

<p>Larger molecules have more electrons, leading to more significant temporary dipoles and stronger intermolecular attractions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the $viscosity$ of a liquid?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces increase the viscosity of the liquid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the high $boiling point$ of water compared to methane, despite their similar molecular weights?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger $intermolecular forces$ affect the $vapor pressure$ of a substance?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces decrease the vapor pressure of the substance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary $reason$ why substances with $strong intermolecular forces$ have $higher boiling and melting points$?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome, leading to higher phase change temperatures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of a substance is $most directly influenced$ by the $strength of intermolecular forces$?

<p>Boiling and melting points (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the $primary factor$ that $determines the physical properties$ of substances?

<p>Intermolecular forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is $most directly influenced$ by the $strength of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces$ in molecules?

<p>Boiling point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which $statement best describes the relationship$ between $intermolecular forces$ and $vapor pressure$ in substances?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What $type of intermolecular force$ is $considered the strongest$?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the polarization that leads to hydrogen bonding?

<p>The covalent bonding between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between molecular size and London dispersion forces in non-polar molecules?

<p>Larger molecules have stronger London dispersion forces due to greater fluctuations in electron distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is primarily influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?

<p>Boiling point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why water has a higher boiling point than methane, despite their similar molecular weights?

<p>Water has stronger hydrogen bonding than the London dispersion forces in methane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intermolecular forces is considered the strongest?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic (intramolecular) forces?

<p>Intermolecular forces act between molecules, while interatomic forces act within a molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interaction involves a temporary dipole that induces a similar dipole in a neighboring molecule?

<p>Induced Dipole Forces or London Dispersion Forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forces are within molecules and hold atoms together?

<p>Covalent Bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between hydrogen and highly electronegative elements like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine?

<p>Hydrogen Bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the forces that mediate interactions between molecules?

<p>Intermolecular Forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which forces occur between two polar molecules with a partial positive and partial negative end?

<p>Dipole-Dipole Forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of force is considered an interatomic force within molecules?

<p>Ionic Bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and highly electronegative atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does molecular size affect the strength of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces in non-polar molecules?

<p>Larger molecules have more electrons, leading to greater fluctuations in electron distribution and stronger temporary dipoles, resulting in stronger London dispersion forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the $boiling point$ of a substance?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points because more energy is required to overcome these forces and convert the liquid into a gas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary $reason$ why substances with $strong intermolecular forces$ have $higher melting points$?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces must be overcome to change from a solid to a liquid, resulting in higher melting points. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger $intermolecular forces$ affect the $vapor pressure$ of a substance?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure because fewer molecules have sufficient kinetic energy to escape the liquid phase into the vapor phase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of a substance is $most directly influenced$ by the $strength of intermolecular forces$?

<p>Melting point (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for substances with strong intermolecular forces to have higher boiling and melting points?

<p>They have more electrons, leading to stronger temporary dipoles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is most directly influenced by the strength of hydrogen bonding?

<p>Boiling point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why flammability increases with lower flash points?

<p>Higher vapor pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do substances with high vapor pressures have weak intermolecular forces?

<p>They exhibit induced dipole forces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interaction is responsible for the weak attraction between non-polar molecules?

<p>London dispersion forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does molecular size affect the strength of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces?

<p>Larger molecules have more electrons, leading to stronger forces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property primarily reflects the resistance of a liquid to flow?

<p>$Viscosity$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that leads to higher density in solids and liquids?

<p>Strong intermolecular forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do substances with stronger intermolecular forces require more energy to change phase?

<p>Strong intermolecular attractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrogen bonds differ from induced dipole (London dispersion) forces?

<p>Hydrogen bonds occur between polar molecules, while London dispersion occurs between non-polar molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the polarization that leads to hydrogen bonding?

<p>The high electronegativity of the hydrogen atom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the $vapor pressure$ of a substance?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces decrease the vapor pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the high $boiling point$ of water compared to methane, despite their similar molecular weights?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does molecular size affect the strength of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces in non-polar molecules?

<p>Larger molecules have stronger induced dipole forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary $reason$ why substances with $strong intermolecular forces$ have $higher melting points$?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome when changing from a solid to a liquid phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which $statement best describes the relationship$ between $intermolecular forces$ and $vapor pressure$ in substances?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces always lead to lower vapor pressures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic forces?

<p>Intermolecular forces occur between molecules, while interatomic forces occur within molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is considered the strongest?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces in non-polar molecules?

<p>The uneven distribution of electrons in the molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of a substance is $most directly influenced$ by the $strength of intermolecular forces$?

<p>Boiling point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dipole-dipole forces is correct?

<p>Dipole-dipole forces are responsible for the high boiling point of water compared to methane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger $intermolecular forces$ affect the $vapor pressure$ of a substance?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces decrease the vapor pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about intermolecular forces is correct?

<p>Intermolecular forces determine the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between molecular size and induced dipole (London dispersion) forces in non-polar molecules?

<p>Larger molecules have stronger induced dipole forces due to more significant temporary dipoles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is primarily influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for substances with strong intermolecular forces to have higher boiling and melting points?

<p>Strong intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome and break apart the molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonding is correct?

<p>Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction that is much stronger than other intermolecular forces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of induced dipole forces or London dispersion forces?

<p>The random movement of electrons creating temporary dipoles in non-polar molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for the higher viscosity of a liquid?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces between the molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the vapor pressure of a substance?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces decrease the vapor pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the physical properties of substances?

<p>The strength of intermolecular forces between the molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is considered the strongest?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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