CH 12: Intermolecular and interatomic forces (chemical bonds)
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Questions and Answers

Which type of atom is most likely to form hydrogen bonds with hydrogen?

  • Sodium
  • Nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine (correct)
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen

    • What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic forces?

  • Intermolecular forces act between atoms, while interatomic forces act between molecules.
  • Intermolecular forces act between molecules or between molecules and ions, while interatomic forces hold atoms together within a molecule. (correct)
  • Intermolecular forces are generally stronger than interatomic forces.
  • Intermolecular forces include ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, while interatomic forces include dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces.

    • How does molecular size affect the strength of London dispersion forces?

  • Larger molecules have weaker London dispersion forces.
  • Molecular size has no effect on the strength of London dispersion forces.
  • Larger molecules have stronger London dispersion forces, but only if they are non-polar.
  • Larger molecules have stronger London dispersion forces due to greater fluctuations in electron distribution. (correct)

    • How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the boiling point of a substance?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points because more energy is required to overcome these forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the vapor pressure of a substance?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure because fewer molecules have sufficient kinetic energy to escape the liquid phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why water has a higher boiling point than methane, despite their similar molecular weights?

    <p>Water has stronger hydrogen bonding between its molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of intermolecular force?

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of induced dipole forces or London dispersion forces?

    <p>The momentary asymmetric distribution of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is considered the strongest?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the physical properties of substances?

    <p>Intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is most likely to participate in hydrogen bonding?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic forces?

    <p>Interatomic forces hold atoms together within a molecule, while intermolecular forces mediate interactions between molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of forces mediate interactions between molecules?

    <p>Dipole-dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do larger non-polar molecules exhibit stronger London dispersion forces?

    <p>They have more electrons leading to significant temporary dipoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for holding water molecules together in a liquid sample?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of forces lead to a weak attraction between non-polar molecules?

    <p>London dispersion forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do substances with strong intermolecular forces have higher boiling and melting points?

    <p>They require more energy to change phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor results in higher viscosity in a liquid?

    <p>Strong intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lower flash point correspond to in terms of flammability?

    <p>Higher flammability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between density and intermolecular forces in solids and liquids?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences a substance's tendency to evaporate as measured by its vapor pressure?

    <p>Intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intermolecular force is responsible for the strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and highly electronegative atoms?

    <p>Dipole-dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the boiling point of a substance?

    <p>Increase the boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is influenced by the strength of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces in molecules?

    <p>Melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a water molecule (H₂O), what type of force holds the oxygen and hydrogen atoms together within the molecule?

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do larger non-polar molecules have increased induced dipole (London dispersion) forces compared to smaller molecules?

    <p>They have more electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between intermolecular forces and vapor pressure in substances?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the high boiling point of water compared to methane, despite their similar molecular weights?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the vapor pressure of a substance?

    <p>They decrease the vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do larger non-polar molecules exhibit stronger London dispersion forces?

    <p>They have more electrons, leading to more significant temporary dipoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the viscosity of a liquid?

    <p>They increase the viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why substances with strong intermolecular forces have higher boiling and melting points?

    <p>They require more energy to change phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intermolecular force is considered the strongest?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the strength of intermolecular forces affect the density of solids and liquids?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is most directly influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?

    <p>Boiling and melting points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic forces?

    <p>Intermolecular forces are responsible for chemical bonding, while interatomic forces are responsible for physical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has the greatest influence on a substance's flammability?

    <p>Vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about dipole-dipole forces is correct?

    <p>They result from the attraction between a partially positive end and a partially negative end of polar molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of induced dipole forces or London dispersion forces?

    <p>The momentary asymmetric distribution of electrons in non-polar molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonding is correct?

    <p>It is a type of dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen covalently bonded to highly electronegative elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic (intramolecular) forces?

    <p>Interatomic forces hold atoms together in a molecule, while intermolecular forces mediate interactions between molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of a substance is primarily influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?

    <p>Boiling point and melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for the higher viscosity of a liquid?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of force is primarily responsible for the strong attraction between two polar molecules?

    <p>Van der Waals forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In non-polar molecules, what leads to the temporary dipole responsible for induced dipole forces?

    <p>Ionic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction holds atoms together within a molecule?

    <p>Van der Waals forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is NOT considered an interatomic force within a molecule?

    <p>Van der Waals forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the high boiling point of water compared to methane?

    <p>Presence of ionic bonds in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor responsible for holding atoms together in a metallic bond?

    <p><strong>London Dispersion</strong> forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why larger non-polar molecules exhibit stronger London dispersion forces compared to smaller non-polar molecules?

    <p>Larger molecules have more electrons, leading to more significant temporary dipoles and stronger intermolecular attractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the $viscosity$ of a liquid?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces increase the viscosity of the liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the high $boiling point$ of water compared to methane, despite their similar molecular weights?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger $intermolecular forces$ affect the $vapor pressure$ of a substance?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces decrease the vapor pressure of the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary $reason$ why substances with $strong intermolecular forces$ have $higher boiling and melting points$?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome, leading to higher phase change temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of a substance is $most directly influenced$ by the $strength of intermolecular forces$?

    <p>Boiling and melting points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the $primary factor$ that $determines the physical properties$ of substances?

    <p>Intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is $most directly influenced$ by the $strength of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces$ in molecules?

    <p>Boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which $statement best describes the relationship$ between $intermolecular forces$ and $vapor pressure$ in substances?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What $type of intermolecular force$ is $considered the strongest$?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the polarization that leads to hydrogen bonding?

    <p>The covalent bonding between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between molecular size and London dispersion forces in non-polar molecules?

    <p>Larger molecules have stronger London dispersion forces due to greater fluctuations in electron distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties is primarily influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?

    <p>Boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why water has a higher boiling point than methane, despite their similar molecular weights?

    <p>Water has stronger hydrogen bonding than the London dispersion forces in methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following intermolecular forces is considered the strongest?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic (intramolecular) forces?

    <p>Intermolecular forces act between molecules, while interatomic forces act within a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interaction involves a temporary dipole that induces a similar dipole in a neighboring molecule?

    <p>Induced Dipole Forces or London Dispersion Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following forces are within molecules and hold atoms together?

    <p>Covalent Bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between hydrogen and highly electronegative elements like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine?

    <p>Hydrogen Bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the forces that mediate interactions between molecules?

    <p>Intermolecular Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which forces occur between two polar molecules with a partial positive and partial negative end?

    <p>Dipole-Dipole Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of force is considered an interatomic force within molecules?

    <p>Ionic Bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and highly electronegative atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does molecular size affect the strength of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces in non-polar molecules?

    <p>Larger molecules have more electrons, leading to greater fluctuations in electron distribution and stronger temporary dipoles, resulting in stronger London dispersion forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the $boiling point$ of a substance?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points because more energy is required to overcome these forces and convert the liquid into a gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary $reason$ why substances with $strong intermolecular forces$ have $higher melting points$?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces must be overcome to change from a solid to a liquid, resulting in higher melting points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger $intermolecular forces$ affect the $vapor pressure$ of a substance?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure because fewer molecules have sufficient kinetic energy to escape the liquid phase into the vapor phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of a substance is $most directly influenced$ by the $strength of intermolecular forces$?

    <p>Melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for substances with strong intermolecular forces to have higher boiling and melting points?

    <p>They have more electrons, leading to stronger temporary dipoles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is most directly influenced by the strength of hydrogen bonding?

    <p>Boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why flammability increases with lower flash points?

    <p>Higher vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do substances with high vapor pressures have weak intermolecular forces?

    <p>They exhibit induced dipole forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interaction is responsible for the weak attraction between non-polar molecules?

    <p>London dispersion forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does molecular size affect the strength of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces?

    <p>Larger molecules have more electrons, leading to stronger forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property primarily reflects the resistance of a liquid to flow?

    <p>$Viscosity$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that leads to higher density in solids and liquids?

    <p>Strong intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do substances with stronger intermolecular forces require more energy to change phase?

    <p>Strong intermolecular attractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrogen bonds differ from induced dipole (London dispersion) forces?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds occur between polar molecules, while London dispersion occurs between non-polar molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the polarization that leads to hydrogen bonding?

    <p>The high electronegativity of the hydrogen atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the $vapor pressure$ of a substance?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces decrease the vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the high $boiling point$ of water compared to methane, despite their similar molecular weights?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does molecular size affect the strength of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces in non-polar molecules?

    <p>Larger molecules have stronger induced dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary $reason$ why substances with $strong intermolecular forces$ have $higher melting points$?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome when changing from a solid to a liquid phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which $statement best describes the relationship$ between $intermolecular forces$ and $vapor pressure$ in substances?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces always lead to lower vapor pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between intermolecular and interatomic forces?

    <p>Intermolecular forces occur between molecules, while interatomic forces occur within molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is considered the strongest?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of induced dipole (London dispersion) forces in non-polar molecules?

    <p>The uneven distribution of electrons in the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of a substance is $most directly influenced$ by the $strength of intermolecular forces$?

    <p>Boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about dipole-dipole forces is correct?

    <p>Dipole-dipole forces are responsible for the high boiling point of water compared to methane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger $intermolecular forces$ affect the $vapor pressure$ of a substance?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces decrease the vapor pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about intermolecular forces is correct?

    <p>Intermolecular forces determine the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between molecular size and induced dipole (London dispersion) forces in non-polar molecules?

    <p>Larger molecules have stronger induced dipole forces due to more significant temporary dipoles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties is primarily influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for substances with strong intermolecular forces to have higher boiling and melting points?

    <p>Strong intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome and break apart the molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonding is correct?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction that is much stronger than other intermolecular forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of induced dipole forces or London dispersion forces?

    <p>The random movement of electrons creating temporary dipoles in non-polar molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for the higher viscosity of a liquid?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces between the molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stronger intermolecular forces affect the vapor pressure of a substance?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces decrease the vapor pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the physical properties of substances?

    <p>The strength of intermolecular forces between the molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is considered the strongest?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

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