Intergenerational Impacts of Residential Schools
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Questions and Answers

What is the main idea behind socialization?

  • Learning how to interact with society through norms, values, and ideologies (correct)
  • Challenging the roles and norms imposed by society
  • Studying large-scale trends in educational institutions
  • Questioning the link between macro- and microlevel social phenomena

    • In sociology, what does microlevel analysis focus on?

  • Preserving a society’s values and norms
  • One-on-one or small-group interactions (correct)
  • Internalizing social roles, norms, and values
  • Large-scale trends in social institutions

    • Why is macrolevel socialization considered critical?

  • To study one-on-one or small-group interactions
  • To question the link between macro- and microlevel phenomena
  • To challenge social roles and norms for change
  • To preserve a society’s values and norms across generations (correct)

    • How do macro- and microlevel phenomena interact according to the text?

    <p>By constantly reinforcing and challenging each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for institutions to function according to sociologists?

    <p>People internalizing social roles, norms, and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can social change occur based on the text?

    <p>By questioning social roles, norms, and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key challenge faced by public health agencies in Canada during the COVID-19 outbreak?

    <p>Ensuring people followed social distancing guidelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary socialization is...

    <p>The initial stage where children develop basic values and norms in early childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is turn-taking in conversations highlighted as important?

    <p>To illustrate a social norm learned during primary socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an external force influencing primary socialization?

    <p>Television commercials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do children typically learn turn-taking according to the text?

    <p>Through interactions with their families or caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a consequence of not adhering to turn-taking norms?

    <p>Being seen as rude for interrupting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of resocialization in a total institution according to the text?

    <p>To erase the inhabitants' current values, beliefs, and sense of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of a total institution in the text?

    <p>Public schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of establishing residential schools for Indigenous children according to the text?

    <p>To assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of practices were oppressed and denied at residential schools according to the text?

    <p>Indigenous languages and traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main consequence for families and children when Indigenous children's attendance at residential schools became compulsory according to the text?

    <p>They received harsh punishments if they refused to attend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did total institutions aim to do as explained in the text?

    <p>Erase current identities and replace them with new ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did one former student feel ashamed to be Cree after attending the Catholic school in The Pas, Manitoba?

    <p>Being prohibited from speaking Cree language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Indigenous communities do in response to the mistreatment of children in residential schools?

    <p>Protested and resisted authorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept helps explain the emotional and social response of children and grandchildren of trauma survivors from residential schools?

    <p>Intergenerational trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the last residential school in Canada close?

    <p>1996</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Monchalin (2016) describe the bond between child and parent in the context of residential schools?

    <p>Undermined due to physical separation and cultural disconnection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did some residential school survivors struggle with in terms of relationships?

    <p>Developing trusting and supportive relations with family members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common mental health challenges experienced by many survivors of residential schools?

    <p>Anxiety, depression, and severe posttraumatic stress disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Monchalin (2016) suggest about the transmission of abuse from one generation to the next?

    <p>Survivors who experienced abuse at residential schools later become perpetrators of abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily achieved during the process of kindergarten and school?

    <p>Reinforcement of rules of socialization with peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which socialization stage involves learning about assessment frameworks and expectations of mastery?

    <p>College and university socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of workplace socialization?

    <p>Fitting into the culture of a workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do individuals primarily learn to internalize the social norms and expectations of a profession?

    <p>Workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant role of mass media and social media in socialization?

    <p>Reinforcement of societal norms and expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect highlighted in the life course stages?

    <p>Expectations and social roles vary across cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Canadian context, which of the following is NOT an expectation for older adults?

    <p>Marry and have children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the concept of not conforming to expectations at each life stage?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main mechanisms through which agents of socialization shape our development?

    <p>Modelling expected behaviors and values reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best represents the transition associated with challenges like sleep deprivation and balancing work and family?

    <p>Life stage transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stages of life course are distinguished by sociologists?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural aspect significantly influences the expectations of older adults in China compared to Canada?

    <p>'Extended family living'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Taking on the new role of parent' is associated with which stage of life course?

    <p>'Young adult'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Diverse agents of socialization shape a person during different stages in their life' reflects the importance of what in human development?

    <p>'Social interaction'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of secondary socialization?

    <p>Learning norms applicable to different social settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does secondary socialization impact a student pursuing a master's degree after completing an undergraduate sociology degree?

    <p>New habits and skills need to be added</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can children experience in terms of norms and values when transitioning from learning at home to attending school?

    <p>Conflict between old and new norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of North America, what did Van der Toorn and colleagues study regarding attitudes toward same-sex marriage?

    <p>Influence of secondary socialization on attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Van der Toorn and colleagues identify as a strong influence on views of same-sex marriage?

    <p>Socialization within religious institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of effects did Van der Toorn and colleagues identify in their study regarding attitudes toward same-sex marriage?

    <p>Direct and mediating effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anticipatory socialization associated with?

    <p>Preparing for new positions or roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does anticipatory socialization primarily draw from for learning social norms?

    <p>Family, school, jobs, peers, and media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism through which norms and values are transmitted during early socialization?

    <p>Parental involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has scientific evidence impacted attitudes toward parenting?

    <p>It has increased the emphasis on parental involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept pervades much of the literature on parenting, encouraging parents to dedicate their attention to their children?

    <p>Quality time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do many parents view their role in their children’s upbringing today?

    <p>As critical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Despite the importance of parental influence, what remains unclear about its impact?

    <p>The exact mechanisms through which parental influence is exerted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary agent of socialization early in life according to the information provided?

    <p>Family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of socialization, what does 'reverse socialization' refer to?

    <p>Children influencing parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does birth order impact socialization according to the text?

    <p>Parents dedicate more time to first-born children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the transition for young children moving from home to kindergarten?

    <p>Difficulties adapting to new expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do schools contribute to children's socialization according to the text?

    <p>By reinforcing existing inequalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does formal education play in reducing disparities among children from different socioeconomic backgrounds?

    <p>Exacerbating existing inequalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do low-income families typically experience school readiness according to the text?

    <p>'Poorer' readiness levels affecting learning abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of schools on children's socialization process?

    <p>Introducing children to diverse peer groups and authority figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is a key goal of programs like Head Start for families in poverty?

    <p>Providing extra learning materials and home visits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do young adults often do to familiarize themselves with workplace social norms before a job interview?

    <p>Wear more expensive clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of professional socialization besides learning workplace rules?

    <p>Learning ethical standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz demonstrate about early models of media influence in society?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the mass media primarily influence socialization according to the text?

    <p>As powerful agents that have a secondary influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mentioned as a significant change in how socialization occurs due to the prevalence of digital media in daily life?

    <p>Parents have less direct control over children's interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mentioned as an average screen time per day for children and youth aged 5 to 17 in Canada?

    <p>Three hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does digital media play a significant role in socialization for children and teenagers?

    <p>By providing new means of interaction with peers and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do parents seem to have less control over due to the prevalence of digital media?

    <p>Children's interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common practice among Syrian women when introducing themselves in social settings?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Social media play a role in learning about idealized representations of life and the self.' What effect does this statement suggest about social media?

    <p>'Social media can shape one's perception of life and self'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is identified as an important first step for refugees from Syria to integrate into Canadian society?

    <p>Learning the language of their new community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge faced by refugees as they try to integrate into a new community?

    <p>Struggle to adapt to new norms and traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do many cities in Canada play in supporting newcomers to the country?

    <p>Establishing centers that facilitate intercultural exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the transformation brought about by social media in gender socialization according to the text?

    <p>Enhancing inclusivity in masculinities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are adolescents and young adults prone to when using social media for identity construction?

    <p>Social comparison and feedback-seeking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does functionalism attribute to the learning of social roles in socialization?

    <p>Helping individuals know how to interact with others predictably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe alternative forms of masculinity adopted by men today compared to traditional hegemonic masculinities?

    <p>Heterogeneous and diverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary finding of Marshall et al.'s (2020) study on body builders on Instagram in relation to masculine identities?

    <p>'Body builders express negotiated and inclusive forms of masculinity'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential impact does social media have on individuals' mental well-being according to the text?

    <p>Increased feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do adolescents rely on predominantly for evaluating the self during identity construction according to the text?

    <p>'Opinions of peers'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that colleges and universities contribute to the socialization of students, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Preparing students for the demands of the workforce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key predictor of educational attainment and success in university?

    <p>Social class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the struggles faced by working-class students trying to fit into a middle-class culture at universities?

    <p>It involves negotiating a balance between old and new social worlds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lehmann (2014), what did a select group of working-class students in a Canadian university view university as?

    <p>An opportunity for learning and upward social mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can university be transformative for some students according to the text?

    <p>By expanding their knowledge and cultural capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are dorms mentioned as significant places for student socialization in the text?

    <p>Because they represent a student's first experience living outside of a family home.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lehmann (2014) find about the socialization opportunities provided by universities for a select group of working-class students?

    <p>The opportunities benefited the students and helped them adapt well.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to functionalists, how is socialization primarily viewed?

    <p>As a top-down procedure through which individuals internalize social roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Parsons' analysis reveal about the structure of the family amid social changes in the 1950s?

    <p>Divorce rates were decreasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept introduced by Pierre Bourdieu describes intangible assets that enable belonging to social circles and feeling accepted?

    <p>Cultural capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cultural capital impact a person's ability to mobilize resources and be successful in life?

    <p>It increases the ability to mobilize resources and succeed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of how cultural capital contributes to group membership mentioned in the text?

    <p>Understanding indie music and vintage fashion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to conflict theorists, how does class socialization impact social mobility?

    <p>It preserves the status quo making social mobility difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend did Parsons note regarding the role of extended families in modern societies?

    <p>Decreased influence compared to institutions and teachers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lareau (2000) find regarding socialization differences between boys in working-class and middle-class families?

    <p>Boys in middle-class families had more freedom in their play compared to boys in working-class families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lareau (2000) suggest about children from middle-class families compared to those from working-class families?

    <p>Children from middle-class families may have advantages over those from working-class families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of gender socialization mentioned in the text?

    <p>Learning how to cook traditional meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do images in school texts and media play in reinforcing traditional gender roles?

    <p>Reinforcing traditional gender roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between gender norms in Syria and Canada as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Syrian women should not be addressed directly when their husbands are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge faced by Syrian refugees from rural areas relocating to Canada as highlighted in the text?

    <p>'Maintaining the farm' is not a gender norm in Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do globalization patterns impact challenges related to gender socialization as discussed in the text?

    <p>'Taking care of children' can differ significantly based on cultural context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do gender socialization practices in schools influence students' career choices?

    <p>By promoting the idea that boys and girls should pursue different interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the gender gap in careers like engineering and biochemistry as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Higher prestige and salaries associated with careers in the sciences for men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key issue pointed out by feminists regarding women's career advancement in the workforce?

    <p>Bias against women even when they are as qualified as men for leadership positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do socialization practices perpetuate discrimination against women in the workforce?

    <p>By setting different career expectations for men and women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a clear sign of continued discrimination against women in the workforce according to feminists?

    <p>Gender pay gaps and underrepresentation of women in leadership roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Charles Horton Cooley, how do humans define themselves within the context of socialization?

    <p>By actively engaging in daily interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of socialization is criticized by symbolic interactionists in contrast to functionalist theory?

    <p>Passive internalization of norms and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the idea that feedback from others is integrated back into the concept of self in Cooley's theory?

    <p>Looking-glass self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In symbolic interactionism, what role do social interactions play in developing an individual's self-concept?

    <p>Creating, negotiating, and transforming meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Cooley's looking-glass self concept contribute to understanding the development of self-concept?

    <p>By providing a reflective mechanism through feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some strategies mentioned in the text to mitigate the challenges of context collapse on social media?

    <p>Engaging in self-censorship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the relationship between roles and social behavior?

    <p>Roles guide behavior in various social situations and allow fitting into different social institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the dual impact of roles on individuals?

    <p>Roles both guide behavior in social situations and limit behavior by setting boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do macrolevel influences play in shaping roles, according to the text?

    <p>Macrolevel influences adopt norms that are part of larger institutions individuals are a part of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component that influences a person's behaviours and attitudes?

    <p>Three core components of the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant finding regarding the self's evolution over the lifespan?

    <p>New life experiences lead to changes in the self's characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social media usage differ between LinkedIn and Facebook, according to the text?

    <p>LinkedIn focuses on professional achievements, while Facebook centers around personal information sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What view does Cooley's work support regarding the relationship between self-perception and external opinions?

    <p>Self-perception is heavily influenced by how individuals think others see them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is role conflict primarily caused by?

    <p>Incompatible social roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do digital technologies, such as social media, play in encouraging social comparison?

    <p>They provide tools for constant social comparison through metrics like likes and comments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'code-switching' refer to in the context of social roles?

    <p>Switching between different social scripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of social media, what does 'context collapse' refer to?

    <p>The merging of different contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do specialized social media platforms like LinkedIn differ from porous social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook?

    <p>They are less prone to context collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does symbolic interactionism's contribution to identity understanding emphasize?

    <p>Dynamic interplay between societal expectations and personal choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory introduced the notion of social roles to describe behavioral adaptation across different settings?

    <p>Symbolic interactionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anticipatory socialization' refers to:

    <p>'Learning in advance' for future social norms and roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Goffman, what is the primary aim of adjusting one's self-presentation to fit social situations?

    <p>To control what others think about us</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does symbolic interactionism challenge traditional role theory?

    <p>By proposing that people have agency in performing social roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of social media, what characterizes the 'backstage' of self-presentation?

    <p>Unfiltered and unedited interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the 'frontstage' from the 'backstage' in Goffman's theory of performativity?

    <p>Frontstage follows social norms, while backstage is free from societal expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Hogan describe the online presentation of self on social media?

    <p>As an effort to showcase a unique self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does technology, like Instagram filters, have on the presentation of self?

    <p>It allows for more control over appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bailey & Yost (2001), how are social roles and identities created?

    <p>Through reciprocal influence in social interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does technology like Instagram filters impact self-presentation?

    <p>It allows for more control over appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

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