Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which theory suggests that children are born with a capacity for language, but this capacity must be activated and developed through social interaction with caregivers and other speakers of their language?
Which theory suggests that children are born with a capacity for language, but this capacity must be activated and developed through social interaction with caregivers and other speakers of their language?
What is a potential weakness of the Interaction Hypothesis in language acquisition?
What is a potential weakness of the Interaction Hypothesis in language acquisition?
What is the term for when language learners apply a grammar rule too broadly, even when there are exceptions to the rule?
What is the term for when language learners apply a grammar rule too broadly, even when there are exceptions to the rule?
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the Interaction Hypothesis?
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the Interaction Hypothesis?
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What is the term for the innate ability that enables humans to acquire language, according to Innativism?
What is the term for the innate ability that enables humans to acquire language, according to Innativism?
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Which theory suggests that there is an optimal period for language acquisition, after which it becomes more difficult?
Which theory suggests that there is an optimal period for language acquisition, after which it becomes more difficult?
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What is the main idea behind the Input Hypothesis?
What is the main idea behind the Input Hypothesis?
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What is the role of the affective filter in language acquisition, according to Krashen's Input Hypothesis?
What is the role of the affective filter in language acquisition, according to Krashen's Input Hypothesis?
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What is the primary goal of the Output Hypothesis, as proposed by Canal and Swain?
What is the primary goal of the Output Hypothesis, as proposed by Canal and Swain?
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What is an example of an activity that illustrates the Output Hypothesis?
What is an example of an activity that illustrates the Output Hypothesis?
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What is the term for the idea that learners should receive input that is slightly beyond their current level of proficiency?
What is the term for the idea that learners should receive input that is slightly beyond their current level of proficiency?
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What is the primary focus of Krashen's Input Hypothesis?
What is the primary focus of Krashen's Input Hypothesis?
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What is the main argument against the idea that language acquisition can be explained solely by input, imitation, and reinforcement?
What is the main argument against the idea that language acquisition can be explained solely by input, imitation, and reinforcement?
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What is the name of the fundamental set of principles that structures language in general, according to the theory of Universal Grammar?
What is the name of the fundamental set of principles that structures language in general, according to the theory of Universal Grammar?
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What is the term for the idea that humans are born with an innate capacity for language acquisition, which is then activated in a critical period?
What is the term for the idea that humans are born with an innate capacity for language acquisition, which is then activated in a critical period?
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What is the main weakness of the theory of Innativism, according to critics?
What is the main weakness of the theory of Innativism, according to critics?
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What is the advantage of younger learners in terms of language acquisition, according to the Critical Period Hypothesis?
What is the advantage of younger learners in terms of language acquisition, according to the Critical Period Hypothesis?
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What is the term for the idea that humans have an innate device for language learning, which is then activated in a critical period?
What is the term for the idea that humans have an innate device for language learning, which is then activated in a critical period?
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What is the main criticism of the Audio-Lingual Method in language teaching?
What is the main criticism of the Audio-Lingual Method in language teaching?
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What is the main advantage of older learners in terms of language acquisition, according to the Critical Period Hypothesis?
What is the main advantage of older learners in terms of language acquisition, according to the Critical Period Hypothesis?
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Study Notes
Interaction Hypothesis
- Language acquisition is a combination of innate abilities and environmental influences
- Innate capacity for language must be activated and developed through social interaction with caregivers and other speakers
- Importance of joint attention, turn-taking, and feedback in language learning
- Face-to-face interaction allows for experimentation and trial and error (am I being understood?)
Weaknesses of Interaction Hypothesis
- Fails to account for individual differences in language acquisition
- Difficult to apply in large classroom settings
- May not be effective for learners who are not comfortable with social interaction
Errors and Rules in the Learner's Interlanguage
- Definition of Overgeneralization: applying a grammar rule too broadly, even when there are exceptions
Input Hypothesis (Krashen)
- Comprehensible input is essential for successful learning
- i+1: input slightly beyond students' current proficiency level
- Affective filter: emotional factors that can affect language acquisition
- High affective filter can block intake of comprehensible input and impede acquisition
- Low affective filter can facilitate acquisition
Example of Input Hypothesis
- Listening to a podcast slightly above your level of comprehension, leading to gradual improvement over time
Output Hypothesis (Canal and Swain)
- Output is necessary for hypothesis testing
- Importance of corrective feedback
- Example: practicing with a language partner, noticing knowledge gaps, and improving through feedback and active practice
Innate Theory (UG and LAD)
- Language acquisition is possible due to an innate device for language learning (LAD)
- Universal Grammar (UG): fundamental principles that structure language in general
- Humans are born with an innate capacity for language acquisition
Application to L1 and L2 Scenarios
- Critical period: innate capacity needs to be activated until puberty for L1 mastery
- Critical learning period in L2 learning
- Older learners may advance faster in grammar due to abstract thinking and metalinguistic awareness
- Younger learners may have better pronunciation and attainment due to motor organ development and less inhibition
Weaknesses of Innate Theory
- Does not fully account for environmental factors' influence on language acquisition
- Does not account for individual differences in language acquisition
- Does not explain adult second language learners' ability to acquire language
Constructivism
- Humans perceive and interpret the world in very different ways
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Description
Explore the Interaction Hypothesis, which suggests that language acquisition is a combination of innate abilities and environmental influences, highlighting the importance of social interaction and joint attention in language learning.
