Intelligence and Language - PSY 103
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Questions and Answers

What is the IQ threshold that defines mental disability?

  • 65 and below
  • 90 and below
  • 75 and below
  • 70 and below (correct)

Which chromosomal disorder is mentioned as a cause of mental disability?

  • Turner syndrome
  • Edwards syndrome
  • Klinefelter syndrome
  • Down syndrome (correct)

How is mental disability classified based on severity?

  • Basic, intermediate, advanced, extreme
  • Slight, moderate, severe, critical
  • Mild, moderate, severe, profound (correct)
  • Low, medium, high, exceptional

What generalization can be made about the distribution of IQ scores in the population?

<p>Most individuals have average intelligence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issues might gifted schoolchildren face?

<p>They may have adjustment problems in social relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intelligence primarily defined as?

<p>The capacity to acquire, adapt, and utilize knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which researcher is associated with the concept of general intelligence factor (g)?

<p>Charles Spearman (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is NOT part of a scientifically valid intelligence test?

<p>It measures a single aspect of intelligence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test includes tasks related to which of the following?

<p>A wide variety of tasks including vocabulary and memory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between intelligence and language?

<p>Language provides a medium through which intelligence is communicated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the role of experience in intelligence?

<p>The ability to reason abstractly and adapt in novel situations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ability is emphasized in the definition of intelligence?

<p>The capacity for abstract reasoning and learning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does specific intelligence refer to?

<p>Measures of specific skills in narrow domains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intelligence is associated with learning new problem-solving methods?

<p>Fluid intelligence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of Thurstone's seven clusters of primary mental abilities?

<p>Emotional understanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect distinguishes analytical intelligence from creative intelligence?

<p>Finding a single correct answer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes practical intelligence?

<p>Adaptation to new situations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What thinking process primarily involves generating various solutions to a problem?

<p>Divergent thinking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the five components essential for creativity?

<p>Expertise in a particular subject (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intelligence is characterized by the ability to evaluate situations and respond effectively?

<p>Practical intelligence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these intelligences is NOT included in Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory?

<p>Fluid intelligence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain functions were highlighted as being related to intelligence?

<p>Brain size and sensory ability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are nature and nurture related to intelligence?

<p>Both nature and nurture play interdependent roles in shaping intelligence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does emotional intelligence primarily involve?

<p>Accurately assessing and managing one's emotions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two emotions combine to form contempt?

<p>Disgust and anger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mood might be beneficial when meeting in-laws for the first time?

<p>Happiness and confidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action may help Debbie preserve her good mood after vacation?

<p>Planning her next vacation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Flynn effect related to?

<p>Improvements in average IQ scores over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the concept of working memory capacity?

<p>Higher capacity leads to better emotional regulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does neural transmission play in intelligence?

<p>Faster transmission improves cognitive efficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with intelligence?

<p>Physical fitness levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that differentiates creative individuals from others?

<p>They are willing to take risks on new approaches. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to research, what tends to happen to a person's creativity when they are paid for their creative work?

<p>They are often less creative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the social environment play in creativity?

<p>Support from peers can enhance creativity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does practical intelligence refer to?

<p>Abilities related to performing specific jobs effectively. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Flynn effect refer to?

<p>Increases in intelligence test scores over decades. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is IQ calculated according to the formula provided?

<p>IQ = mental age ÷ chronological age × 100 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is significantly associated with intelligence, according to fMRI studies?

<p>The outer parts of the cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of imaginative thinking in creative individuals?

<p>They typically analyze problems unconventionally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of general intelligence measures like IQ tests?

<p>They may not assess practical abilities relevant to specific jobs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a disadvantage of working in a creative environment?

<p>It can create excessive pressure to perform. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intelligence

The ability to think, learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.

Language

A system of communication that uses symbols in a regular way to create meaning.

Early Intelligence Tests

The ability to name objects, define words, draw pictures, complete sentences, compare items, and construct sentences.

General Intelligence (g)

A general intelligence factor that influences performance on all cognitive tasks.

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Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

A measure of general intelligence that includes tasks assessing vocabulary, memory, object naming, sentence repetition, and following instructions.

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Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A measure of intelligence that compares an individual's score to others in the same age group.

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Environmental Influences on Intelligence

The potential for intelligence to be influenced by factors such as environment, education, and opportunities.

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Mental Disability

A condition characterized by an IQ below 70, developmental delays since childhood, and difficulty with basic life skills like self-care and communication.

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Down Syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by an extra or partial copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disability and distinctive physical features.

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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Legislation that prohibits discrimination based on disability, promoting inclusion and equal opportunities for people with mental and physical limitations.

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Gifted Schoolchildren

Students with exceptional intellectual abilities who may face social and emotional challenges due to their giftedness.

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Integration of Mentally Retarded Individuals

The tendency to integrate individuals with mental disabilities into mainstream society, including workplaces and schools, promoting inclusion and reducing institutionalization.

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Specific intelligence

A measure of specific skills in narrow domains.

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Fluid intelligence

Refers to the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems and performing activities.

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Crystallized intelligence

Refers to the accumulated knowledge of the world we have acquired throughout our lives.

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Thurstone's theory of intelligence

A theory that proposes seven primary mental abilities: word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory.

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Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence

A theory that proposes multiple intelligences, including analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

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Analytical intelligence

The ability to solve problems with a single right answer.

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Creative intelligence

The ability to adapt to new situations and create new ideas.

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Practical intelligence

The ability to effectively adapt to everyday situations and solve practical problems.

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Convergent thinking

Thinking that is directed toward finding the correct answer to a given problem.

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Creativity

The ability to generate new ideas and solutions, often involving creative thinking and risk taking.

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Imaginative Thinking

A cognitive style where individuals approach problems from a fresh perspective, imagining new ways of viewing things.

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Risk Taking

Willingness to embrace novel approaches and take on potential risks for the sake of innovation.

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Intrinsic Interest

Pursuing creative projects for the inherent satisfaction and enjoyment they provide, not expecting external rewards.

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Creative Environment

The influence of a social environment where creative individuals collaborate, support, and inspire each other.

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Multiple Intelligences

A theory by Howard Gardner, proposing that intelligence is not singular but encompasses multiple distinct abilities (e.g., musical, spatial, linguistic).

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General Intelligence (g factor)

A general concept of intelligence, often measured by IQ tests, representing a broad cognitive ability across various domains.

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Standardization

The process of administering a test to a large population to establish a standard comparison for future scores.

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Flynn Effect

The observed trend of increasing scores on intelligence tests globally over time.

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Emotional Intelligence

The ability to accurately understand, identify, and manage emotions.

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Nature vs. Nurture

The idea that intelligence is influenced by both genetic factors and environmental influences.

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Brain Areas and Intelligence

Specific areas of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex, are involved in various aspects of intelligence.

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Working Memory

A type of memory used to hold information temporarily during cognitive tasks, like solving a math problem.

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Enriched Environment

An environment that provides opportunities for learning and development, leading to potential cognitive enhancement.

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Deprived Environment

A limited or impoverished environment that may hinder cognitive development and intelligence.

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Emotional Intelligence

The ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as those of others.

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Study Notes

Intelligence and Language - PSY 103

  • Intelligence is defined as the ability to think, learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.
  • The course agenda includes introduction, defining and measuring intelligence, social, cultural, and political aspects of intelligence, communication with others (language development), and a closing session.
  • Learning objectives include defining intelligence and listing different types of intelligences studied by psychologists, summarizing characteristics of a scientifically valid intelligence test, and outlining biological and environmental determinants of intelligence.
  • General (g) intelligence, as proposed by Spearman, relates to abstract thinking, knowledge acquisition, abstract reasoning, adaptation to novel situations, and benefit from instruction and experiences.
  • Specific (s) intelligence, as proposed by Lewis Terman, measures specific skills relevant in narrow domains.
  • Fluid intelligence relates to the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems and performing activities, while crystallized intelligence refers to accumulated knowledge of the world throughout one's life.
  • L.L. Thurstone (1938) identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities: word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory.
  • Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence comprises analytical, creative, and practical intelligences.
  • Analytical intelligence is convergent thinking, aiming to find the correct answer to a problem.
  • Creative intelligence involves adapting to new situations and creating new ideas.
  • Practical intelligence encompasses "street smarts" or "common sense" and abilities for performing well in specific jobs.

Multiple Intelligences (Howard Gardner)

  • Howard Gardner proposed a theory of multiple intelligences, including linguistic, logico-mathematical, spatial, musical, kinesthetic (body), interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligences.
  • Linguistic intelligence involves the ability to speak and write well.
  • Logico-mathematical intelligence involves using logic and math skills to solve problems.
  • Spatial intelligence involves thinking and reasoning about objects in three dimensions.
  • Musical intelligence involves performing and enjoying music.
  • Kinesthetic intelligence involves using the body in physical activities like sports and dance.
  • Interpersonal intelligence involves understanding and interacting effectively with others.
  • Intrapersonal intelligence involves having insight into the self.
  • Naturalistic intelligence involves recognizing, identifying, and understanding animals, plants, and other living things.

Measuring Intelligence: Standardization and the IQ

  • Standardization of intelligence tests involves administering the tests to a large number of people at various ages and calculating average scores at each age level.
  • IQ is calculated as (mental age/chronological age) x 100.
  • The Flynn effect refers to the observation that scores on intelligence tests have substantially increased over the past decades globally.
  • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is a common intelligence test.

The Biology of Intelligence

  • Intelligence isn't located in a specific brain area but is more prevalent in certain areas.
  • fMRI studies have identified brain areas (especially those in the cortex) that are most active during intelligence related tasks.
  • Brain size, sensory ability, neural transmission speed, and working memory capacity also play a role in intelligence.

Nature vs. Nurture in Intelligence

  • Twin and adoption studies, social and economic deprivation, and enriched versus impoverished environments are important considerations when studying the relative contribution of nature and nurture on intelligence.
  • It is crucial to recognize that the roles of nature and nurture on intelligence are intertwined and inseparable.

Emotional Intelligence

  • Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to accurately identify, assess, and understand emotions, as well as to effectively control one's own emotions.
  • This includes self awareness, empathy, motivation, and social skills.

Exercises and Critical Thinking

  • Students are encouraged to reflect on their own IQ, intelligence types, and how parental efforts may (or may not) influence intelligence.
  • The Flynn effect, the concept of extreme intelligence including giftedness and mental disabilities, and the importance of emotional intelligence are key topics for discussion and critical thinking.

The Social, Cultural, and Political Aspects of Intelligence

  • This section examines how cultural and political contexts impact the conceptualization of and testing of intelligence.

Western vs Eastern Intelligence

  • This section differentiates how intelligence is perceived and measured in Western vs. Eastern cultures.

Extremes of Intelligence: Disability and Giftedness

  • Students will learn how very high and very low intelligence are defined and what it entails.

Communicating with Others: Language

  • The study session covers the components and structure of language and its development.
  • It includes review of associated theories, how children learn language, different language structures, the biological underpinnings of language, the cognitive effects of bilingualism, and exercises for critical thinking on language acquisition.

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Intelligence and Language PSY103 PDF

Description

This quiz covers the definition of intelligence, its measurement, and the various social and cultural aspects influencing it. Key concepts include general and specific intelligences as well as fluid intelligence. Ideal for students of psychology looking to test their understanding of how intelligence relates to language and adaptability.

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