Integumentary System: Skin and Appendages

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Questions and Answers

What type of glands are sebaceous glands classified as?

Apocrine glands

Exocrine glands

Holocrine glands (correct)

Merocrine glands

Apocrine sweat glands open directly onto the epidermal surface.

False

What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?

To secrete sebum.

The mammary gland is considered a modified ______ sweat gland.

apocrine Signup and view all the answers

Match the gland type with their respective characteristics:

Sebaceous gland = Secretes sebum Merocrine sweat gland = Opens on the epidermal surface Apocrine sweat gland = Found in axilla and anogenital region Mammary gland = Modified apocrine gland Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for secreting sweat in the sweat glands?

Dark cells Signup and view all the answers

In the resting state, the mammary gland contains more glandular tissue than connective tissue.

False Signup and view all the answers

Where do the ducts of sebaceous glands typically open?

In the upper part of hair follicle. Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the dark pigmented skin area around the nipple.

areola Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the sweat gland?

Coiled tubular with secretory parts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sweat gland is found all over the body and opens directly onto the epidermal surface?

Merocrine sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

Sebaceous glands open onto the epidermal surface.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two states of the adult mammary gland identified?

Resting, lactating Signup and view all the answers

Mammary glands are considered modified ______ glands.

apocrine Signup and view all the answers

Match the gland type with its description:

Sebaceous glands = Secrete sebum and are located in the dermis Merocrine sweat glands = Open directly onto the epidermal surface Apocrine sweat glands = Open into hair follicles and found in specific body regions Mammary glands = Modified apocrine glands with varying structure based on activity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells secrete sweat in sweat glands?

Dark cells Signup and view all the answers

The areola is a conical projection rich in connective tissue and nerve fibers.

False Signup and view all the answers

Where does the lactiferous duct emerge in the mammary gland?

At the nipple Signup and view all the answers

The secretory part of the sweat gland contains __________ types of cells.

three Signup and view all the answers

In which regions of the body are apocrine sweat glands primarily found?

Axilla and anogenital region Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin and Skin Appendages (Integumentary System)

The skin is composed of several layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.
Hair, sebaceous glands, sensory nerve endings, nerves, capillaries, sweat glands, arterioles, and fibroblasts are components of the skin.
Muscle tissue is also present in the skin.
Fat, collagen, and fibroblasts are present in the subcutaneous tissue.

Skin Appendages

Skin appendages include sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
Objectives for a lesson on skin appendages might include defining skin appendages and describing the structure of sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and mammary glands.

The Sebaceous Glands

Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands in the dermis of the face, forehead, and scalp.
Sebaceous glands secrete sebum.
The acini (alveoli) of sebaceous glands contain rounded, vacuolated cells with excess fat droplets in their cytoplasm.
The cells burst during secretion.
Ducts of sebaceous glands open into the hair follicles.

The Sweat Glands

Sweat glands are located in the dermis.
Two types of sweat glands exist: merocrine and apocrine.
Merocrine sweat glands are found all over the body and open onto the epidermal surface.
Apocrine sweat glands are found in the axilla and anogenital region, and they generally open into hair follicles.

Sweat Gland Morphology

Sweat glands are simple coiled tubular glands with a secretory portion and a duct.
The secretory portion contains three different cell types: dark cells, clear cells, and myoepithelial cells.
Dark cells secrete sweat.
Clear cells are ion-transporting cells.
Myoepithelial cells surround the secretory cells.
The duct is lined by a double layer of cuboidal epithelium.

The Mammary Gland

The mammary gland is a modified apocrine sweat gland that shows structural variations according to the age and activity of the female.
The mammary gland demonstrates different states: resting and lactating.

Adult Mammary Gland Structure

The female breast is composed of: the nipple, the areola, and the breast proper.
The nipple is a conical projection of dense connective tissue rich in smooth muscle fibers and nerve fibers. It contains dense connective tissue, with smooth muscle fibers and nerve fibers.
The areola is a dark-pigmented skin area surrounding the nipple.
The breast proper, or parenchyma of the breast, is made of multiple lobes (12-20) radiating from the nipple.
The lobes are separated by dense connective tissue septa, which contain fat cells.
Each lobe has its own excretory lactiferous duct that opens separately into the nipple.
Lobe acini drain into branching ducts that empty into larger lactiferous ducts embedded in loose connective tissue.

Resting Mammary Gland

The amount of connective tissue and fat, and the development of glandular tissue, change dramatically in the resting and lactating states of the breast.
A resting mammary gland has an increased amount of connective tissue and fat, with less developed glandular elements.
The glandular components (alveoli) in a resting mammary gland are tubular, duct-like, and lined with cuboidal epithelium.
Solid cords of cells form some alveoli, and these are not very developed.
The duct system shows branching.

Lactating Mammary Gland

In the lactating mammary gland, the glandular elements proliferate, and they become more prominent than the connective tissue.
The interlobular connective tissue septa become very thin.
The glandular elements are well-developed in the form of closely arranged spherical alveoli.
Alveoli have simple cuboidal secretory epithelium and are surrounded by myoepithelial cells.
The lumen of the alveoli contains milk, which appears acidophilic and vacuolated (fat droplets).
The duct system shows extensive branching.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of the integumentary system, focusing on the structure and function of skin and its appendages such as sweat and sebaceous glands. This quiz will test your knowledge on the layers of skin, the components involved, and the roles they play in maintaining skin health.