Podcast
Questions and Answers
What distinguishes eccrine sweat glands from apocrine sweat glands?
What distinguishes eccrine sweat glands from apocrine sweat glands?
- Apocrine glands are found throughout the body.
- Eccrine glands release cytoplasm in their secretions.
- Eccrine glands do not lose cytoplasm in their secretions. (correct)
- Apocrine glands are the most numerous in palms and soles.
Which part of the body has the highest concentration of eccrine sweat glands?
Which part of the body has the highest concentration of eccrine sweat glands?
- Axillary region
- Back and chest
- Palms and soles (correct)
- Face and neck
What is the structure associated with the secretory portion of eccrine sweat glands?
What is the structure associated with the secretory portion of eccrine sweat glands?
- Secretory coil composed of myoepithelial and clear cells (correct)
- Simple cuboidal epithelium only
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Single-layered epithelium
Where do apocrine sweat glands primarily secrete their products?
Where do apocrine sweat glands primarily secrete their products?
What unique feature do eccrine sweat glands have in their excretory portion?
What unique feature do eccrine sweat glands have in their excretory portion?
Which cell type is NOT found in the secretory coil of eccrine sweat glands?
Which cell type is NOT found in the secretory coil of eccrine sweat glands?
Which structure is associated with regulating body temperature through secretion?
Which structure is associated with regulating body temperature through secretion?
What type of cellular secretion mechanism do apocrine sweat glands utilize?
What type of cellular secretion mechanism do apocrine sweat glands utilize?
What is the primary function of myoepithelial cells in glandular structures?
What is the primary function of myoepithelial cells in glandular structures?
Which characteristic differentiates apocrine sweat glands from eccrine sweat glands?
Which characteristic differentiates apocrine sweat glands from eccrine sweat glands?
What abnormality is associated with cystic fibrosis?
What abnormality is associated with cystic fibrosis?
Which layer of the nail is primarily responsible for its growth?
Which layer of the nail is primarily responsible for its growth?
What type of secretion is characteristic of sebaceous glands?
What type of secretion is characteristic of sebaceous glands?
Which assertion about eccrine sweat glands is true?
Which assertion about eccrine sweat glands is true?
What is the composition of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?
What is the composition of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?
What type of matrix is present in hair follicles that contributes to hair growth?
What type of matrix is present in hair follicles that contributes to hair growth?
Which phase of hair growth is characteristically associated with the active growth of hair?
Which phase of hair growth is characteristically associated with the active growth of hair?
How does the structure of the arrector pili muscle affect hair follicles?
How does the structure of the arrector pili muscle affect hair follicles?
Which condition is primarily characterized by recurrent non-scarring hair loss?
Which condition is primarily characterized by recurrent non-scarring hair loss?
What does the term 'dermal papilla' refer to in the context of hair follicles?
What does the term 'dermal papilla' refer to in the context of hair follicles?
Which connective tissue structure is crucial for the supply of nutrients to the hair follicle at the base?
Which connective tissue structure is crucial for the supply of nutrients to the hair follicle at the base?
Which of the following describes the characteristics of keratin in the hair shaft?
Which of the following describes the characteristics of keratin in the hair shaft?
Which characteristic is unique to eccrine sweat glands?
Which characteristic is unique to eccrine sweat glands?
In which locations are apocrine sweat glands most concentrated?
In which locations are apocrine sweat glands most concentrated?
What is the anatomical feature of eccrine sweat glands that aids in temperature regulation?
What is the anatomical feature of eccrine sweat glands that aids in temperature regulation?
Which of these cells are not typically found in eccrine sweat glands?
Which of these cells are not typically found in eccrine sweat glands?
The term 'acrosyringium' refers to which part of the eccrine sweat gland?
The term 'acrosyringium' refers to which part of the eccrine sweat gland?
How does the secretion mechanism of eccrine sweat glands differ from apocrine sweat glands?
How does the secretion mechanism of eccrine sweat glands differ from apocrine sweat glands?
What is the primary regulatory function of eccrine sweat glands?
What is the primary regulatory function of eccrine sweat glands?
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the structure of eccrine sweat glands?
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the structure of eccrine sweat glands?
What is a distinguishing feature of the apocrine sweat glands compared to eccrine sweat glands?
What is a distinguishing feature of the apocrine sweat glands compared to eccrine sweat glands?
Which statement accurately describes the function of the arrector pili muscle?
Which statement accurately describes the function of the arrector pili muscle?
In cystic fibrosis, which abnormality affects the exocrine glands?
In cystic fibrosis, which abnormality affects the exocrine glands?
What is the primary characteristic of hair matrix cells?
What is the primary characteristic of hair matrix cells?
Which component is primarily involved in the composition of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?
Which component is primarily involved in the composition of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?
Which layer of the nail is critical for its attachment to the underlying tissue?
Which layer of the nail is critical for its attachment to the underlying tissue?
What type of cells primarily make up the secretory portion of eccrine sweat glands?
What type of cells primarily make up the secretory portion of eccrine sweat glands?
What is a common clinical manifestation associated with onychomycosis?
What is a common clinical manifestation associated with onychomycosis?
Which function is most commonly associated with eccrine sweat glands?
Which function is most commonly associated with eccrine sweat glands?
What type of secretory mechanism is typical for sebaceous glands?
What type of secretory mechanism is typical for sebaceous glands?
Which condition is thought to be mediated by T-cells and affects hair growth?
Which condition is thought to be mediated by T-cells and affects hair growth?
The primary structural component of hair is made up of what type of protein?
The primary structural component of hair is made up of what type of protein?
Which of the following structures aids in the formation of keratinized cells in hair?
Which of the following structures aids in the formation of keratinized cells in hair?
What distinguishes eccrine sweat glands in terms of their secretion process?
What distinguishes eccrine sweat glands in terms of their secretion process?
In what regions are apocrine sweat glands primarily concentrated?
In what regions are apocrine sweat glands primarily concentrated?
Which of the following correctly describes the histology of eccrine sweat glands?
Which of the following correctly describes the histology of eccrine sweat glands?
What is the primary function of myoepithelial cells in eccrine sweat glands?
What is the primary function of myoepithelial cells in eccrine sweat glands?
Which distinguishing feature characterizes the excretory portion of eccrine sweat glands?
Which distinguishing feature characterizes the excretory portion of eccrine sweat glands?
What is a common misconception about apocrine sweat glands?
What is a common misconception about apocrine sweat glands?
Which feature is NOT associated with eccrine sweat glands?
Which feature is NOT associated with eccrine sweat glands?
How do eccrine sweat glands contribute to body temperature regulation?
How do eccrine sweat glands contribute to body temperature regulation?
Which sweat gland type has a discontinuous myoepithelium?
Which sweat gland type has a discontinuous myoepithelium?
What is the primary characteristic of secretory cells in apocrine sweat glands?
What is the primary characteristic of secretory cells in apocrine sweat glands?
Which organ systems are primarily affected in cystic fibrosis?
Which organ systems are primarily affected in cystic fibrosis?
What is the predominant type of secretion produced by sebaceous glands?
What is the predominant type of secretion produced by sebaceous glands?
During which hair growth phase does the hair matrix exhibit high mitotic activity?
During which hair growth phase does the hair matrix exhibit high mitotic activity?
Which layer of the nail is responsible for keratinizing the nail plate?
Which layer of the nail is responsible for keratinizing the nail plate?
Which type of connective tissue structure nourishes the hair follicle?
Which type of connective tissue structure nourishes the hair follicle?
What primarily causes alopecia areata?
What primarily causes alopecia areata?
What contributes to the distinctive appearance of the lunula in nails?
What contributes to the distinctive appearance of the lunula in nails?
Which muscle elevates hair follicles in response to stimuli?
Which muscle elevates hair follicles in response to stimuli?
What condition is characterized by the spread of fungi to the nail apparatus?
What condition is characterized by the spread of fungi to the nail apparatus?
Which structure in the hair follicle ensures its protective environment?
Which structure in the hair follicle ensures its protective environment?
Which kind of secretion is notably absent in eccrine sweat glands?
Which kind of secretion is notably absent in eccrine sweat glands?
What is the primary histological difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?
What is the primary histological difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?
Which of the following locations has the highest concentration of apocrine sweat glands?
Which of the following locations has the highest concentration of apocrine sweat glands?
What role do eccrine sweat glands play in thermoregulation?
What role do eccrine sweat glands play in thermoregulation?
Which aspect is NOT associated with eccrine sweat glands?
Which aspect is NOT associated with eccrine sweat glands?
What is a common physiological function of the apocrine sweat glands?
What is a common physiological function of the apocrine sweat glands?
In which area of the skin are eccrine sweat glands most numerous?
In which area of the skin are eccrine sweat glands most numerous?
Which feature distinguishes the secretory mechanism of apocrine sweat glands from that of eccrine glands?
Which feature distinguishes the secretory mechanism of apocrine sweat glands from that of eccrine glands?
What is the primary role of myoepithelial cells in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands?
What is the primary role of myoepithelial cells in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands?
Which type of secretion is primarily found in apocrine glands?
Which type of secretion is primarily found in apocrine glands?
Which characteristic differentiates the myoepithelial cells of apocrine sweat glands from those of eccrine sweat glands?
Which characteristic differentiates the myoepithelial cells of apocrine sweat glands from those of eccrine sweat glands?
What is the primary component that characterizes the secretory cells in eccrine sweat glands?
What is the primary component that characterizes the secretory cells in eccrine sweat glands?
In cystic fibrosis, what primary ion transport mechanism is disrupted?
In cystic fibrosis, what primary ion transport mechanism is disrupted?
What is the most likely consequence of impaired hair growth during the anagen phase?
What is the most likely consequence of impaired hair growth during the anagen phase?
What type of cells primarily make up the root sheath of hair follicles?
What type of cells primarily make up the root sheath of hair follicles?
What is the most significant change in the structure of sebaceous glands observed in acne?
What is the most significant change in the structure of sebaceous glands observed in acne?
Which layer of the nail bed is responsible for providing the most growth support?
Which layer of the nail bed is responsible for providing the most growth support?
What does the term 'holocrine secretion' refer to in the context of sebaceous glands?
What does the term 'holocrine secretion' refer to in the context of sebaceous glands?
What is the typical location where apocrine glands can be found?
What is the typical location where apocrine glands can be found?
What is the unique histological feature of eccrine sweat glands compared to apocrine sweat glands?
What is the unique histological feature of eccrine sweat glands compared to apocrine sweat glands?
Which structure is crucial for the storage and release of sebum in sebaceous glands?
Which structure is crucial for the storage and release of sebum in sebaceous glands?
What is a characteristic feature of the hair shaft composition?
What is a characteristic feature of the hair shaft composition?
Which characteristic of eccrine sweat glands relates to their function in thermoregulation?
Which characteristic of eccrine sweat glands relates to their function in thermoregulation?
What is a significant histological difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?
What is a significant histological difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?
Where are eccrine sweat glands primarily located in the human body?
Where are eccrine sweat glands primarily located in the human body?
Which of the following best describes the secretion method of apocrine sweat glands?
Which of the following best describes the secretion method of apocrine sweat glands?
Which set of cells is NOT typically associated with the secretory coil of eccrine sweat glands?
Which set of cells is NOT typically associated with the secretory coil of eccrine sweat glands?
What is the primary role of myoepithelial cells in eccrine sweat glands?
What is the primary role of myoepithelial cells in eccrine sweat glands?
What distinguishes the excretory components of eccrine sweat glands from those of apocrine sweat glands?
What distinguishes the excretory components of eccrine sweat glands from those of apocrine sweat glands?
What is a common misconception about eccrine sweat gland locations?
What is a common misconception about eccrine sweat gland locations?
What is a primary function of myoepithelial cells in the context of sweat glands?
What is a primary function of myoepithelial cells in the context of sweat glands?
Which feature is characteristic of apocrine sweat glands compared to eccrine sweat glands?
Which feature is characteristic of apocrine sweat glands compared to eccrine sweat glands?
What is the unique histological characteristic of sebaceous glands?
What is the unique histological characteristic of sebaceous glands?
In cystic fibrosis, which ion transport anomaly is typically observed?
In cystic fibrosis, which ion transport anomaly is typically observed?
What tissue structures primarily compose the pilosebaceous unit?
What tissue structures primarily compose the pilosebaceous unit?
What is characteristic of the arrector pili muscle's response during certain stimuli?
What is characteristic of the arrector pili muscle's response during certain stimuli?
Which component of the nail is primarily responsible for its growth?
Which component of the nail is primarily responsible for its growth?
Which statement about hair follicles is true regarding their structure?
Which statement about hair follicles is true regarding their structure?
What type of secretion is primarily observed in sebaceous glands?
What type of secretion is primarily observed in sebaceous glands?
What is a significant clinical manifestation of onychomycosis?
What is a significant clinical manifestation of onychomycosis?
What structural component of hair is primarily responsible for its pigmentation?
What structural component of hair is primarily responsible for its pigmentation?
Which of the following connective tissues is crucial for the supply of nutrients to the hair follicle?
Which of the following connective tissues is crucial for the supply of nutrients to the hair follicle?
What is a defining characteristic of the secretion process in eccrine sweat glands?
What is a defining characteristic of the secretion process in eccrine sweat glands?
Which phase of hair growth is described as the resting phase?
Which phase of hair growth is described as the resting phase?
Flashcards
Eccrine sweat glands
Eccrine sweat glands
Sweat glands that release their secretions without losing cytoplasm.
Apocrine sweat glands
Apocrine sweat glands
Sweat glands that release their secretions with some cytoplasm.
Eccrine sweat gland location
Eccrine sweat gland location
Found in most parts of the body, particularly palms and soles. They regulate body temperature.
Eccrine sweat gland structure
Eccrine sweat gland structure
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Eccrine sweat gland excretory duct
Eccrine sweat gland excretory duct
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Apocrine sweat gland location
Apocrine sweat gland location
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Apocrine sweat gland secretion
Apocrine sweat gland secretion
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Apocrine sweat gland function
Apocrine sweat gland function
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Pilosebaceous unit
Pilosebaceous unit
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Hair follicle matrix
Hair follicle matrix
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Anagen phase
Anagen phase
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Telogen phase
Telogen phase
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Alopecia areata
Alopecia areata
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Sebaceous gland
Sebaceous gland
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Arrector pili muscle
Arrector pili muscle
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Nail plate
Nail plate
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Nail bed
Nail bed
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Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis
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Holocrine secretion
Holocrine secretion
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Stratum corneum
Stratum corneum
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Onychomycosis
Onychomycosis
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Eccrine sweat glands: What are their functions?
Eccrine sweat glands: What are their functions?
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Apocrine sweat glands: Where are they located?
Apocrine sweat glands: Where are they located?
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Myoepithelial cells: What is their function?
Myoepithelial cells: What is their function?
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Pilosebaceous unit: What are its components?
Pilosebaceous unit: What are its components?
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Hair follicle matrix: What is its role?
Hair follicle matrix: What is its role?
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Anagen: What is the function of this phase?
Anagen: What is the function of this phase?
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Telogen: What is the function of this phase?
Telogen: What is the function of this phase?
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Sebaceous gland: What is the function?
Sebaceous gland: What is the function?
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Myoepithelial cells
Myoepithelial cells
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Decapitation secretion
Decapitation secretion
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Hair follicle
Hair follicle
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Nail
Nail
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What are eccrine sweat glands?
What are eccrine sweat glands?
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What are apocrine sweat glands?
What are apocrine sweat glands?
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What are myoepithelial cells?
What are myoepithelial cells?
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What is the pilosebaceous unit?
What is the pilosebaceous unit?
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What is the hair follicle matrix?
What is the hair follicle matrix?
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What is the anagen phase?
What is the anagen phase?
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What is the telogen phase?
What is the telogen phase?
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What are sebaceous glands?
What are sebaceous glands?
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Apocrine sweat glands: What are they and where are they located?
Apocrine sweat glands: What are they and where are they located?
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Eccrine sweat glands: What are they and where are they located?
Eccrine sweat glands: What are they and where are they located?
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Myoepithelial cells: What are they and what do they do?
Myoepithelial cells: What are they and what do they do?
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Pilosebaceous unit: What is it and what are its parts?
Pilosebaceous unit: What is it and what are its parts?
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Alopecia areata: What is it?
Alopecia areata: What is it?
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Sebaceous glands: What are they and what do they do?
Sebaceous glands: What are they and what do they do?
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Arrector pili muscle: What is it and what does it do?
Arrector pili muscle: What is it and what does it do?
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Nail: What is it and what is its function?
Nail: What is it and what is its function?
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Nail bed: What is it and what does it do?
Nail bed: What is it and what does it do?
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Nail plate: What is it?
Nail plate: What is it?
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Cystic fibrosis: What is it?
Cystic fibrosis: What is it?
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Holocrine secretion: What is it?
Holocrine secretion: What is it?
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Onychomycosis: What is it?
Onychomycosis: What is it?
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Decapitation secretion: What is it?
Decapitation secretion: What is it?
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Hair follicle: What is it and what happens inside?
Hair follicle: What is it and what happens inside?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System II: Skin Appendages
- Various skin appendages, including sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and nails, are discussed.
Sweat Glands
- Two types: Eccrine and Apocrine
- Eccrine sweat glands are the most numerous and found throughout the body (except for specific locations). Key role in thermoregulation.
- Eccrine sweat glands are tubular structures with secretory coils in the dermis. They have both a secretory and excretory portion.
- The secretory coil contains clear and dark cells, and myoepithelial cells.
- The excretory portion comprises dermal and intraepidermal portions (acrosyringium).
- Apocrine sweat glands are primarily found in specific body regions like armpits, groin, and perineum.
- Apocrine secretions contain cytoplasm and have a different secretory mechanism than eccrine glands. Apocrine glands are less numerous than eccrine glands.
- Eccrine glands are involved in thermoregulation. Apocrine glands are often associated with body odor.
- Sweat glands are distinguished by their secretory mechanisms. Eccrine glands do not lose cytoplasm during secretion. Apocrine glands release some cytoplasm.
- Eccrine sweat production involves the apical dark cells secreting glycoproteins via exocytosis, while basal clear cells secrete water and electrolytes into intercellular spaces. Myoepithelial cells are present amidst the basal lamina and basal domain.
- Eccrine sweat glands are found in the majority of the body, except for the external genitalia. Also, they have the most numerous distribution on the palms and soles.
- Myoepithelial cells are smooth muscle-like cells, originating from epithelial tissue. They also aid in secretion ejection and play a role in gland development.
Sebaceous Glands
- These glands are part of the pilosebaceous unit, associated with hair follicles.
- They are lobulated, holocrine glands.
- The glands secrete sebum, a mixture of lipids that helps condition and waterproof hair and skin.
- Sebaceous glands secrete lipids, including triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, cholesterol esters, and cholesterol.
- The number of sebaceous glands correlates to the number of hair follicles.
- Sebocytes within the gland are filled with lipids and lysosomes. Lysosomal enzymes induce cell autolysis, leading to holocrine secretion.
- Sebum is important for skin and hair health. Excessive sebum can contribute to acne.
Hair Follicles
- Hair follicles are complex structures that produce hair.
- Hair follicles contain a variety of layers, including the cuticle, cortex, and medulla.
- The hair follicle matrix contains pleuripotential cells – which give rise to hair shafts.
- The hair follicle's phases include anagen (growth), catagen (regression), and telogen (resting). Follicle structure includes the infundibulum, isthmus, suprabulbar, and bulb region. It also includes the external and internal root sheath.
- Hair follicle structure also includes the arrector pili muscle, sebaceous glands, and associated blood vessels and nerves.
- The dermal papilla is a connective tissue bud within the hair bulb, supporting the growing hair.
Nails
- Nails are composed of hard keratin, growing out from the nail bed.
- Nails consist of a free edge, nail body, and nail root.
- Nail components include the nail matrix, nail bed, eponychium (cuticle), hyponychium, and lunula.
- The nail plate is made up of tightly packed, hard keratinized squamous cells.
- The nail plate grows continuously from the nail matrix.
- Nails derive from the epidermis and serve as protective coverings.
Cystic Fibrosis
- Cystic Fibrosis is an inherited disorder that impacts exocrine gland function, commonly encountered in Caucasian populations.
- The condition results from defects in the CFTR gene, which encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).
- CFTR regulates electrolyte transport across cell membranes and is essential for many bodily functions.
- Accumulation of thick secretions is a characteristic feature of cystic fibrosis.
- Patients with cystic fibrosis often have chronic respiratory infections, pancreatic enzyme insufficiency, and related complications. The disease's severity often varies between individuals.
Alopecia Areata
- Alopecia areata is a non-scarring hair loss condition, which may occur in various patterns.
- The exact cause of alopecia areata remains unclear, but it is believed to be a T-cell mediated, autoimmune process.
- The disorder typically involves impaired hair growth and particularly affects the anagen phase of the hair follicle cycle.
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Description
Explore the intricate details of the skin appendages including sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and nails. Understand the differences between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, as well as the function of sebaceous glands in the integumentary system.
